Apart from the physiological response to movement itself during LSA, the authors assume LSA are advantageous and may also increase PA because adolescents already use their bikes or skates to travel to skate parks, workout playgrounds, etc. Self-organized LSA are related to the quality of infrastructure, can usually be done free of charge and might provide a great opportunity for adolescents who do not feel comfortable in an organized or competitive atmosphere related to sport and, thus, support their motivation for PA [16]. This also held true after controlling for sex, grade, and socioeconomic status, as well as participation in organized sport. Badura P, Geckova AM, Sigmundova D, Van Dijk JP, Reijneveld SA. Questionnaire exploring leisure activities for the population of adolescents aged 1015years. This SB item was adopted from the 15-item Youth Activity Profile (YAP) and validated in a US sample, with the sedentary items of the YAP showing strong correlation with accelerometer-derived sitting time estimates [23]. 2020;8(5):199. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00199. The theory proposes that for adolescents aged around 13years, enjoyment and social interactions through play and the development of skill in specific sports through practice are the basic characteristics of their involvement in sport. Br J Sports Med. ), was measured using the question How often do you engage in any of the following so-called lifestyle sport activities? The respondents were asked to check one of four possible responses for each LSA: I dont do this type of activity; a few times a year at most; about once or twice a month; and once a week or more often. 2017;14(12):19. Nevertheless, there were significantly more missing values among the fifth-graders (65% of all missing values for LSA variables), compared with the older respondents. Article PubMed The study was approved on 12th January 2017 by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc (reg.
K. Janeckova. Conversely, fifth-graders (i.e. A quarter (24.7%) of the sample reported engaging in one LSA at least once a week, and 10.9% in two or more such activities at least weekly. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-11-55. Br J Sports Med. Organ Act As Context Dev Extracurricular Act After Sch Community Programs. skateboarding, hiking, or fishing) were associated with a lower rate of antisocial behaviour, better physical performance, psychological adjustment, connection with positive peer networks, and the building of ones youth identity [3, 8,9,10,11]. As such, lifestyle sport activities seem to represent a feasible way of increasing overall PA level in adolescent population. Obes Sci Pract. Outdoor physical activity, compliance with the physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration recommendations, and excess weight among adolescents. Leis Loisir. Persson A, Kerr M, Stattin H. Staying in or moving away from structured activities: explanations involving parents and peers. Our results are in line with previous studies that indicated similar patterns in adolescents partaking in outdoor play. (11.5%). 2018;63(6):74351. Childrens organized activities. Why children/youth drop out of sports. Psychol Sport Exerc. Next, the analysis was adjusted for sex, grade, and socioeconomic status (Model 2), and lastly also for organized sports (Model 3). How can you enjoy sports if you are under control by others? Self-organized lifestyle sports and youth development. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.11.005. Article Adolescents participating in lifestyle sport activities report being more physically active and, in case of doing multiple such activities concurrently, also spending less time sitting than their peers not involved in lifestyle sport activities.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.155.5.554. J Park Recreat Admi. 2001;35(4):2637. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-015-9325-3. Article CAS Janeckova, K., Hamrik, Z., Matusova, M. et al. The difference could be seen in the sense that having fun instead of focusing deeply on competitive success could therefore reduce the drop-out rate from LSA and support the inner motivation of adolescents and thus contribute to changing the patterns of how they spend their leisure time and create active lifelong habits [33]. Moreover, some studies highlight the phenomenon that adolescents with a lower socioeconomic status (SES) engage less in organized sports [17]. Results from a validation study (N=616) comprising focus groups with adolescents and the test-retest procedure indicated the good stability of the responses over time. Cookies policy. Leis Stud. However, the new WHO PA guidelines emphasize that every move counts indicating that PA at suboptimal levels is also beneficial [14]. Lifestyle sport activities (LSA) have a place in contemporary society as a modern part of youth sport culture and represent a wide range of leisure-time activities in the out-of-school time [1]. Google Scholar. Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacky University Olomouc, Tr. 2002;7:484502. ; How many computers does your family own? 2005;2:4564. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences in involvement in lifestyle activities according to sex, grade, and socioeconomic status. In total, data from 679 adolescents was analysed: 303 girls; 199 from the fifth grade, 248 from the seventh grade, and 232 from the ninth grade. Out of the 1017 pupils registered in the selected schools, a total number of 856 adolescents (an 84% response rate) completed the questionnaire. Unstructured leisure in the after-school hours. Health benefits of physical activity: a systematic review of current systematic reviews. You Cant Go to the Park, You Cant Go Here, You Cant Go There: Exploring Parental Experiences of COVID - 19 and Its Impact on Their Childrens Movement Behaviours. Adolescents spend their leisure time more with peers and so become more independent of their families. Psychol Found Sport. Google Scholar. The data was collected through paper-based questionnaires. Involvement in one LSA showed significant associations with MVPA, as well as out-of-school VPA, both in the crude and adjusted models (=0.56; 95% CI 0.200.92 for MVPA; OR=1.75; 95% CI=1.232.50 for out-of-school VPA). Google Scholar. The data for the study was drawn from a project titled Development and validation of a questionnaire exploring leisure activities for the population of adolescents aged 10-15 years. The proportion of participants practising parkour, free running, freestyle scooter, skating, BMX, and individual OS decreased slightly with age. Regional Office for Europe. Sport Soc. 2017;9(1):110. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2014.914901. The participants could choose from four answers (I dont do this activity; once or twice per month; once per week; twice or more times per week). 2015;4(7):140. Gilchrist P, Osborn G. Risk and benefits in lifestyle sports: parkour, law and social value. Associations of outdoor activity and screen time with adiposity: findings from rural Chinese adolescents with relatively low adiposity risks. 2020;2:2530. Another factor of lifestyle is sedentary behaviour, which may have a negative effect on health independently of PA [15]. They were traditionally classified as unstructured or unorganized [3]. Skate parks as a context for adolescent development. Test-retest reliability of selected items of health behaviour in school-aged children (HBSC) survey questionnaire in Beijing, China. First, the composition of the study population was described (Table1). The data was collected through paper-based questionnaires by trained research administrators during regular class time. An assessment of self-reported physical activity instruments in young people for population surveillance: project ALPHA. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2017.1293132. Privacy
SB was measured by a single item: In your free time, which of the following statements best describes your typical sedentary habits? The respondents chose from the following five statements: I spend almost none of my free time sitting=1; I spend little time sitting during my free time=2; I spend a moderate amount of my free time sitting=3; I spend a lot of my free time sitting=4; I spend almost all of my free time sitting=5.
Sfvenbom R, Wheaton B, Agans JP. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2014;11(1):110. ; How many bathrooms are there in your home? The Family Affluence Scale III (FAS) was used to estimate the respondents SES. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30581-5. Comp Soc Res. Child Indic Res. Street-involved youths unstructured leisure: activities and their social consequences. 18-24977S, by the Technology Agency of the Czech Republic (TA TL01000335) and by the Ministry of Education, Youth, and Sports, Inter-Excellence, (LTT18020). Int J Environ Res Public Health. This finding is in accordance with a study reporting males engaging in self-organized PA more than females [16]. One hundred sixty-one adolescents were not present at school during the data collection 62 were absent through illness, 27 were missing for another reason, and 72 refused to complete the questionnaire or did not provide informed consent. The frequency of participation for specific LSA is displayed in Fig. 2015;49(11):7306. Data from a research project linked to the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey collected in 2017 in the Czech Republic was used. Recommendations for physical inactivity and sedentary behavior during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This work was supported by a research grant from the Czech Science Foundation under reg. The LSA item has acceptable test-retest reliability (ICC=0.62) for the total sum of mentioned lifestyle sport activities which adolescents do at least once a week or more often. Previous findings suggest that participation in unstructured leisure-time activities in young people is often associated with problematic outcomes, including poorer psychological adjustment [5] or engagement in health-risk [6] or antisocial behaviours [7]. California Privacy Statement, Prochaska JJ, Sallis JF, Long B. 7/2017). Younger respondents usually need more time to fill in their responses, compared to their older mates, which explains the higher rate of missing values among the fifth-graders. Next, the participants were asked about their daily physical activity for a total of at least 60min a day by the question: Over the past seven days, on how many days were you physically active for a total of at least 60 minutes per day? The responses ranged from 0 to 7 days (the values from zero to seven used for linear regression correspond to the number of days) [19]. Physical activity (PA) is crucial for ones health and healthy development during youth [13]. Springer Nature. The independent variable of main interest, participation in LSA (represented by workouts; parkour/free running; skateboarding/longboarding/penny boarding, etc. 2020;9(2):1034.
The current study provides valuable insights into lifestyle sports concerning energy balance-related behaviours in adolescence, which seem to be a relevant area of interest [4] that provides researchers and policymakers with a more holistic understanding of how adolescents get used to doing physical activity. For ordinal regression analysis the whole scale was used. KJ participated in the interpretation of the data and drafted the manuscript; ZH conceived the study and participated in the design, interpretation of the data, and coordination; MM participated in the statistical analyses and helped to draft the manuscript; PB conceived the study and participated in its design, interpretation of the data, and coordination. Change in objectively measured physical activity during the transition to adolescence.
Curr Opin Cardiol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-015-0749-9. However, there are some limitations of this study. LSA, such as workouts, slackline, parkour, free running, or skateboarding, are characterized as usually unsupervised, peer-oriented activities similar to free play where young people coordinate themselves during their leisure time [2]. football, volleyball, floorball) and individual sports (e.g., tennis, gymnastics, karate) [24]. This could apply especially to those who do not feel comfortable in organized and competitive settings [33]. Skateboarding, longboarding, penny boarding, etc., were the most prevalent types of LSA, with 15.6% of our sample engaging in this activity on a weekly basis. In the Czech Republic, its validity showed a positive correlation between the FAS index and regional disposable income (r=0.77, p<0.01) [28]. PubMed Central No SES-related differences were observed for overall participation in LSA or in specific LSA. 2010;10(1):19. The statistical significance of differences in involvement by sex, grade, and SES was estimated by the chi-square test. This finding also holds true after accounting for the effects of sex, grade, SES, and participation in organized sport. 2015;18:925. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. PubMed Central World Health Organization. Similarly to MVPA, the out-of-school VPA item also has acceptable test-retest reliability (ICC=0.62) [21] and its sufficient criterion validity was shown against fitness levels [22]. One hundred seventy-seven questionnaires were deleted because of incomplete answers or a lack of credibility (e.g. Some recent studies also offer recommendations for home-based physical activity during the pandemic [39] and there would be space to complement them with LSA. See AdditionalFile1 for the questionnaire items exploring leisure activities for the population of adolescents aged 1015years. The association was already observable for one LSA done at least weekly, but was even stronger for more than one LSA. For descriptive purposes, the sum of all responses was split into three categories indicating (06) low affluence, (79) medium affluence, and(1013) high affluence, as in a recent study from the Czech Republic [26]. 
Bobakova D, Hamrik Z, Badura P, Sigmundova D, Nalecz H, Kalman M. Testretest reliability of selected physical activity and sedentary behaviour HBSC items in the Czech Republic, Slovakia and Poland. 2020;6(2):196206. Lifestyle sport activities (e.g. Article BMC Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1080/19406940.2016.1272619. We did not observe any differences in MVPA, out-of-school VPA, or SB by grade. https://doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2020.1731843. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2017;32(5):54156. 2015;10(12):116. 2020;20(1):229. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8336-2. Lastly, the data was collected only in a single region of the Czech Republic, fifth-graders were underrepresented in the sample and thus, the results are hardly generalizable to the entire adolescent population, distinct age groups, or other geographical areas.