Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The chemical shifts observed for the gallium complexes are indicative of octahedral geometries. For the homologous aluminum and indium compounds the protolysis reactions proceed in a different way, to produce 97 and 98, where the E-E bond is cleaved.201 Corresponding indium(II) carboxylates were prepared from 85d by reaction with silver or lithium carboxylates.202,203 Reaction of [(Me3Si)3CGaI]2 87c with lithium carboxylates gave unsymmetrical substituted derivatives 99.204, The stability of the Ga2-unit was used to arrange up to six Ga2-bonds in supramolecular aggregates using dicarboxylic acids.
CopyCopied, Validated by Experts, Validated by Users, Non-Validated, Removed by Users, Predicted data is generated using the ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, Predicted data is generated using the US Environmental Protection Agencys EPISuite, Click to predict properties on the Chemicalize site, For medical information relating to Covid-19, please consult the, ACD/Labs Percepta Platform - PhysChem Module, US Environmental Protection Agencys EPISuite, Compounds with the same molecular formula, Search Google for structures with same skeleton, Warning: Causes metallic taste, bone marrow and GI injury, WARNING: CORROSIVE, irritates skin and eyes.
New York, Gallium is used in some high temperature thermometers.
However, it is known to leave a stain on hands. She is constantly brainstorming how to turn age-old topics into new and exciting stories.
Boisbaudran observed a new violet line in the atomic spectrum of zinc extracted from a sample of zinc blende ore from the Pyrenees, indicating the presence of a new element. 71Ga chemical shifts of selected gallium compounds.
Gallium does not exist in pure form in nature, and gallium compounds are not a primary source of extraction.
To learn more about our gallium chloride offerings, contact us today.
Gallium chloride is a difficult material to handle ‐ it is very corrosive. By using our website, you agree to placement of cookies on your devices. Analog integrated circuits are the most common application for gallium, with optoelectronic devices (mostly laser diodes and light-emitting diodes) as the second largest end use.
Compared with the ionic compounds, one Me3P ligand is replaced by a bond to one sulfur atom of the chelating ethanedithiolate ligand. Fig.
Gallium is used primarily in electronics. There is little to report on the chemical properties of these organometallic halides. Gallium can be liquid near room temperature, making it useful in high-temperature thermometers.
The reaction exhibits a high tendency to alkenylate the o-position of alkyl substitutents; toluene, ethylbenzene, and isopropylbenzene react predominantly to exclusively at the o-position, whereas o-xylene and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene react at the 3- and 5-positions, respectively (Scheme 150).445, Aromatic hydrocarbons are alkenylated with allenylsilane in the presence of GaCl3 at 90C. The largest producers of gallium are Australia, Russia, France, and Germany. By
It has a low vapor pressure even at high temperatures and reacts with most of the non metals at such temperatures.
In semiconductor and solar cell production, indoor gallium arsenide emission losses are relatively high.
The gallium trichloride is pelletized without introducing any impurities into the material, and the finished product can easily be poured, e.g.
Thus, gallium trichloride is the starting material for gallium-based metal-organic precursors.
Even if efforts were taken to remove the pollution from the water, it would significantly increase the costs of the procedure of turning plutonium into a fuel by about 200 million dollars. Indium Corporation does not recommend, manufacture, market, or endorse any of our products for human consumption or to treat or diagnose any disease.
It is present in traces in our body but has no known effect on our health [7]. Squaric acid reacts similarly to form a tetramer aggregate 104,208 whilst tropolone reacts with 46 to give the monomeric digallane 105.210. Triethylgallium-mediated synthesis of lactams.
It can also be produced by the electrolysis of a solution of potassium hydroxide and gallium(III) hydroxide [1, 25]. The element has no known biological value. It is also reactive with acids and alkalis [22, 27]. Flexible spacers allow dimeric species 100.192 1,4-Butane-, 1,6-hexane-, 1,6-cyclohexane-, and 1,4-dimethylbenzenedicarboxylic acid have been used as flexible spacers. This was explained with the larger flexibility of the NNN angle compared to the OC(Me)O angle.
Gallium is a post-transition metal. For example, it was found that the base hydrolysis of gallium(III) salt solutions led to the [GaO4Ga12(OH)24(H2O)12]7+ polyoxocation.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy studies (NQR) of Me2InX(X=F, Cl, Br, I) (115In, halogen resonances) show that Me2InF is probably similar in structure to Me2InOAc (see Section 7.9.7), a homopolymer in which the Me2In groups are non-linear; Me2InBr and Me2InI, in contrast, involve linear CInC units,147 a conclusion subsequently confirmed for the bromide by X-ray work (see above). Gallium has the largest liquid range of any metal. | Sitemap | Accessibility | Privacy Policies Flexible spacers allow dimeric species 100.205 1,4-butane, 1,6-hexane-, 1,6-cyclohexane- and 1,4-dimethylbenzenedicarboxylic acid have been used as flexible spacers.
For example, the 71Ga chemical shifts for compounds of type GaAlX4 show a considerable dependence on the type of AlX4 anion and deshielding of about 130ppm was observed: from 680ppm (AlCl4) and 635ppm (AlBr4) to 552ppm (AlI4). CopyCopied, CSID:4514603, http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4514603.html (accessed 09:41, Jul 22, 2022) 5B. 4C).44 The terminal S2CNEt2 ligands in this complex can also be substituted by two additional (Ph3P)2Cu(S2C2O2) moieties, resulting in the related copper-rich complex [(Ph3P)6Cu3In(S2C2O2)3].44. Solid gallium is a blue-gray metal with orthorhombic crystalline structure; very pure gallium has a stunning silvery color. Gallium is a soft, silvery metal used primarily in electronic circuits, semiconductors and light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We supply gallium trichloride in solid and granulated form, and (typically) at 5N purity.
From: Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, 2013, S. Araki, T. Hirashita, in Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry III, 2007, Gallium compounds, in particular GaCl3, are known to be useful Lewis acids for several organic transformations.
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The halogens attack it vigorously.
All Rights Reserved. A modest level of ortho-selectivity is observed. J. Lewiski, D. Kubicki, in Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry (Third Edition), 2017. GaCl3-catalyzed aromatic alkylation, Dimethylgallium chloride and dimethylgallium triflate efficiently promote the glycosidation with several glycopyransyl fluorides to give a mixture of - 122 and -products 123.
The unusual reaction of 230 with 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene in toluene gave complex 233 in 54% yield (Scheme 56) <2002JOM487>. 71Ga (65.7MHz) (left) and 31P (121.0MHz) (right) NMR spectra for the stability constant study of the Ga(III)H3ppma system (R=[H3ppma]/[Ga3+]). a Quadsimia website proudly made in Upstate NY.
Traci Pedersen Some gallium compounds can actually be very dangerous, however.
With bidentate substituents, a series of heteroleptic ditrielanes 8893170178 with tetracoordinate gallium atoms could also be obtained.
Updates? Folks, It is natural to expect that Indium Corporation is the premiere supplier of indium metal, solder pastes, preforms, compounds, and chemistry solutions 26 Oct 2020 by Indium Corporation | View Bio. Amongst these TMG (Tri-methyl gallium) is the most prominent choice for MOCVD deposition processes widely used in the compound semiconductor and LED industries. With benzotriazol-5-carboxylic acid six Ga2[CH(SiMe3)2] units get linked to form cage 103.209 Hereby cavities of up to 1.5nm diameter are formed, which can contain solvent molecules. The metal does dissolve in other acids to give gallium salts, and it dissolves in alkalies, with the evolution of hydrogen, to give gallates, such as [Ga(OH)4], in which gallium appears in the anion. Read more about our use of cookies here.
In these compounds three GaGa bonds are in parallel arrangement.176. Neutrinos are particles created in the first second of the universe even before atoms and are continually being made through nuclear reactions of the sun and other stars, according to the.
Gallium oxide is used in phosphors, cathodes for solid oxide fuel cells, piezo-electric crystals, GGG crystals (gallium gadolinium garnets), and, most recently, in sputtering targets for GIZO or IGZO materials.
Several vitamins and commercially distributed waters have been known to contain trace amounts of gallium with less than one part per million. In its purest extracted form, gallium is a vibrant silver color. If you hold it, it can just leave a stain in your hands [1, 7]. Gallium oxide is needed for sputtering targets that consist of indium, gallium, and zinc oxides.
Activation of C(sp)H bonds of alkynes mediated by Ga/N FLPs system.111, Akin diorganoaluminum hydrides,128 activation of the C(sp)H bond of terminal alkynes with dialkylgallium hydrides afforded dinuclear gallanes.112a, The C(sp3)H bond activation through internal hydride abstraction was reported for the reaction of salan proligands with (Me3SiCH2)3M (M=Ga, In) (Scheme 30).129, Scheme 30. CAS: 7440-55-3 Molecular Formula: Ga Molecular Weight (g/mol): 69.723 MDL Number: MFCD00134045 InChI Key: GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: gallium, elemental,metal,unii-ch46oc8yv4,ch46oc8yv4,ingot,pellets, 6mm dia,galio,metal, packaged in poylethylene bottle,gallium, ion ga1+,atom PubChem CID: 5360835 ChEBI: CHEBI:49631 IUPAC Name: gallium SMILES: [Ga], CAS: 7440-55-3 Molecular Formula: Ga Molecular Weight (g/mol): 69.723 InChI Key: GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Synonym: gallium, elemental,metal,unii-ch46oc8yv4,ch46oc8yv4,ingot,pellets, 6mm dia,galio,metal, packaged in poylethylene bottle,gallium, ion ga1+,atom PubChem CID: 5360835 ChEBI: CHEBI:49631 IUPAC Name: gallium SMILES: [Ga], Product from some of our suppliers do not display in Filtered Search results.
In addition, it has a low melting point of 85.57 F (29.76 C) less than 10 degrees above room temperature so if you were to pick up a lump of gallium, it would literally melt from the warmth of your hand. Location of Gallium in the Periodic Table, Gallium Electron Configuration (Bohr Model).
During the synthesis of the compounds [(Ph3P)CuMIII(S{O}CPh)4] (MIII=Ga, In), one of the initially two Ph3P ligands at the copper atom is replaced by an additional S donor atom.
With more bulky substituents monomeric derivatives R2E2X2 87a - f (Table 7) with three coordinate triel atoms were synthesized.
Occupational exposure to gallium compounds may occur through inhalation of dust (e.g., gallium arsenide) and dermal contact with these compounds. Gallium in the environment.
Omissions? Gallium nitride LED bulbs offer efficiency far beyond what Tesla and Edison every dreamed of.
Me2InBr) is also possible, as is the formation of ionic dimers when the anion is especially stable.
Soon afterward he isolated the metal and studied its properties, which coincided with those that Russian chemist Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev had predicted a few years earlier for eka-aluminum, the then-undiscovered element lying between aluminum and indium in his periodic table. A mechanism including activation of the oxiranes by the coordination to trimethylgallium is proposed (Table 47).453,454 Similarly, regio- and stereoselective ring-opening reaction of hetero-substituted oxiranes with alkynyllithiums is catalyzed by Me3Ga with remarkable efficiency at 020C via a pentacoordinated chelate-type complex (Equation (107)).455, Table 47. Author(s): Claire Mikolajczak, Indium Corporation, Shuyan Peng. Figure 3. The CC bond formation predominantly takes place at the least hindered positions of the substrates, and equatorial isomers 119 and 120 regarding the cycloalkane moiety are generally obtained together with 121 (Table 45).449,450, Table 45. Liquid gallium wets porcelain and glass surfaces; it forms a bright, highly reflective surface when coated on glass. Your email address will not be published. The treatment of 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene with an equimolar amount of LiGaH4 in Et2O afforded the gallium complex 228 in 89% yield (Scheme 55) <2000OM4852>. The periodic table is made up of 118 elements.
12 Feb 2020 by Indium Corporation | View Bio.
From a different point of view, all the four-membered MIMIIIE2 ring systems can be considered as partly phosphine-shielded Cu+ ions, which are chelated by chalcogenogallate or chalcogenoindate ions, respectively. With bidentate substituents a series of heteroleptic ditrielanes 8892180188 with tetracoordinate galliumatoms could be obtained. However, gallium halide complexes can cause acute poisoning [11]. Stay up to date on the latest science news by signing up for our Essentials newsletter.
Shayne C. Gad, in Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Second Edition), 2005.
Biradical ditrielanes 94ac are products of reactions of GaI or InCl with diazabutadienes (see Chapter 1.13),179181 while 94d was isolated from an obscure reaction.180. By weight, gallium makes up about 0.0019 percent of Earth's crust, according to PeriodicTable.com. Indium Corporation has developed a granulated form of gallium trichloride: EZ-Pour. ref.
(Image credit: Greg Robson/Creative Commons. However, when the pits are cut and plutonium oxide powder is formed, the gallium remains in the plutonium. The respective ionic compounds [(Me3P)4Cu][Me2Ga(EPh)2] with E=S, Se and [(Me3P)4Cu][MeGa(EPh)3] with E=S, Se, Te have been isolated and structurally characterized.35 As an example, the structure of [(Me3P)4Cu][MeGa(SPh)3] is shown in Fig. Gallium remains in the liquid phase over a temperature range of about 2,000 C (about 3,600 F), with a very low vapour pressure up to about 1,500 C (about 2,700 F), the longest useful liquid range of any element. Gallium trichloride (GaCl3, gallium chloride) is the ideal precursor for gallium derivative compounds.
Furthermore, 71Ga NMR spectroscopy can be used to study the structure and stability of gallium complexes. The clinical use of 67Ga as a radioactive tracer in tumor scanning and the inhibition of cellular incorporation in vivo by citrate, phosphate and other chelating agents served as the impetus for these studies.
It is extracted as a by-product from zinc blende, iron pyrites, bauxite, and germanite.
The sulfide (GaS), selenide (GaSe), and telluride (GaTe), made directly by combination of the elements at high temperature, are diamagnetic and contain galliumgallium units with four positive charges (GaGa)4+, in a layer lattice.
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It is one of four metals (including mercury, rubidium and caesium) that are liquid at or near room temperature. Gallium maltolate is under development as a treatment for Pagets disease. Gallium-substituted nitrogen heterocycles obtained through trans-metal-trapping.124,125 Note: PMDETA is added subsequently to metalation.
In these compounds three GaGa bonds are in parallel arrangement.166. Squaric acid reacts similarly to form a tetramer aggregate 104,195 while tropolone reacts with 45 to the monomeric digallane 105.197.
With the smaller (Me3Si)2CH-substituent, a trimeric fluoride derivative 86a and the hydroxide 86b were obtained by treatment of digallane 45 with HF or H2O, respectively.
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EZ-Pour is shipped in borosilicate glass containers with high-temperature rated PBT caps with a PTFE liner. The element is present in traces in the minerals sphalerite, diaspore, germanite, coal and bauxite. At low temperatures, gallium is a brittle solid that breaks quite easily, and similar to glass, it shatters conchoidally (does not follow natural planes of separation).
A number of gallium model systems oxides and modified oxides containing four- and six-coordinate gallium sites have been investigated using a variety of solid-state NMR techniques on both NMR active nuclei.
This can convert electricity to light and is used in light emitting diodes (LEDs) for electronic display and watches.
Lecoq de Boisbaudran proposed the name gallium for the new element, which comes from the Latin word "Gallia," meaning France.
The gradual disappearance of the resonance for [Ga(H2O)6]3+ (Ga) with the concomitant growth of the resonance for [Ga(H3ppma)2]3+ (GaL2) is evident as R is increased (concentration ratio R=[H3ppma]/[Ga3+]).
The 71Ga chemical shifts of GaAlX4 were found to be solvent- and temperature-dependent.
The vibrational spectra of [RGaCl2]2 (R=Me, Et) and [Et2GaCl]2 show that these compounds are all halogen-bridged dimers,119,145 like the parent Ga2Cl6.1 Similar conclusions were reached in work on [Bu2tGaX]2 (X=Cl, Br),146 and confirmed by independent molecular weight determinations (in benzene) for [BunGaCl2]2 and [Bu2nGaCl]2.106 The size of the organic group is not significant here, since dimers exist in benzene for GaLCl2, GaLBr2 and GaL2Br (L=CH2SiMe3),55 and for the corresponding indium compounds.59. The detailed information from X-ray studies is summarized in Table 7. GIZO or IGZO is the most attractive material for the flat panel component industry regarding emerging OLED displays, as it provides superior mobility for the thin film transistors that control the display pixels.
In addition, gallium is used in special high-temperature thermometers, in place of mercury, and in arc lamps.
Formation of the vinylgallium intermediate before the aqueous workup has been confirmed by deuteration experiments. As a solid, it is blue-gray.
document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Your email address will not be published. It liquefies just above room temperature. Of the halides, only gallium trifluoride is ionic; the others have molecular lattices containing dimeric molecules, with formula Ga2X6.
Trimethylgallium-catalyzed alkynylation of oxiranes. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). There is no evidence for authentic compounds of gallium in its +2 state.
With the smaller (Me3Si)2CH-substituent a trimeric fluoride derivative 86a and the hydroxide 86b were obtained by treatment of digallane 46 with HF or H2O, respectively.
The treatment of the potentially chelating reagent bis-carbene 1,2-ethylene-3,3-di-t-butyl-diimidazol-2,2-diylidene 225 with GaH3NMe3 in a 1:1 or 1:2 stoichiometry led to the 2:1 adduct 229, which is moderately thermally stable compound (Scheme 55) <2002JCS(D)1992>.
In the presence of GaCl3, silylethyne reacts electrophilically with aromatic hydrocarbons to give -silylstylenes (Scheme 148). PMDETA was subsequently added to the reaction mixture in order to stabilize the formed complexes by coordination to the lithium ions.
of 46 and PMDETA afforded the disubstituted derivative, [1,4-{(PMDETA)Li}2-2,5-{(R3Ga)}2C4H2N2].124.
Gallium has also been suggested as a treatment for cancer, infectious disease and inflammatory disease. What will you miss most if you didn't have electricity? All five of these elements have three electrons in their outer energy level.
173 In the gallium compound, the RuRu bonds are all the same length at approximately 273pm. Live Science is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. The GIZO material offers the right properties to deposit high mobility active channels for the thin film transistors in the displays active matrix backplane. M. Khan, R. C. Steevensz, D. G. Tuck, J. G. Noltes and P. W. R. Corfield, H. D. Hausen, H. J. Guder and W. Schwartz, H. J. Guder, W. Schwartz, J. Weidlein, H. J. Widler and H. D. Hausen, W. Schwartz, H. J. Guder, R. Prewo and H. D. Hausen, Encyclopedia of Toxicology (Second Edition), Single-Source Precursors for IIIIVI2 Semiconductor Materials, NMR Spectroscopy, Heteronuclei, B, Al, Ga, In, Tl, Encyclopedia of Spectroscopy and Spectrometry (Third Edition), Ga NMR data are rather sparse and at present no meaningful conclusion with respect to the structure of.
Ciprian I. RaAlbert SoranRichard A. VargaCristian Silvestru, in Advances in Organometallic Chemistry, 2018, The use of gallium and indium compounds in organic synthesis was reviewed in book chapters (Ga,87h,120 In120b,121) and articles (Ga,122 In87h,120d,123). It is stable in air and water; but it reacts with and dissolves in acids and alkalis.
He had named the hypothetical element eka-aluminum as it would sit below aluminum in the periodic table. 5).195 Similarly, other ER groups are versatile ligands (for reviews see for example11,12,196199). How about lighting? H. D. Hausen, K. Mertz, E. Veigel and J. Weidlein, K. Mertz, W. Schwartz, F. Zettler and H. D. Hausen.
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High reactivity of the gallium complex is demonstrated by the rapid reaction rate at 78C using close to the equimolar amount of the substrates.
Important Bond Lengths and Angles in Organometallic Halides of Gallium and Indium and Related Compounds, Spectroscopic investigations (IR, Raman, nuclear quadrupole resonance, mass spectrometry) have also led to the conclusion that associated species are the general rule in the solid state and in solution. On the other hand, by reaction of Ga2[CH(SiMe3)2]4 45 with Brnsted acids of various types, a large variety of heteroleptic digallanes are accessible.187 The large number of compounds available cannot be discussed here fully.
Medically, gallium alloys are used in dental prostheses, radioactive gallium has been used to locate bone lesions, and nonradioactive gallium has been used as an antitumor agent.
Since standard gallium trichloride is solid at room temperature it needs to be melted (MP~80C) or dissolved using a chemical solvent. Later that year, Lecoq de Boisbaudran obtained pure gallium through the electrolysis of gallium hydroxide in potassium hydroxide, according to the Jefferson Lab.
These sputtering targets consist of gallium, indium, zinc, and oxide.
published 26 July 17. Tuck, in Comprehensive Organometallic Chemistry, 1982. Another unusual trait of gallium is that it can be supercooled quite easily. In August 1875, using a spectroscope, Lecoq de Boisbaudran did indeed find some gallium, but only in very small amounts. The inclusion of additional donor atoms into the ligands can lead to the breakdown of the four-membered ring structure. Liquid metal for prototyping, low-volume applications, or even overclocking is more accessible that ever before.
You will receive a verification email shortly. The observed line widths for the Ga(I) species are in the range of 801200Hz.
Gerald Linti, Michael Gast, in Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering, 2021, The gallium and indium compounds of type (REX)4 85a-h (Table 6) adopt a D2d-symmetric structure, where two E2-units are linked via four halide bridges. Reactions between pyrazine and 2equiv.
The metal gallium is stable in dry air. Origin of Its Name: It got its name from Gallia, the Latin name of France, the country of its discovery [1]. With excess of the small trimethylphosphine ligand, the Cu+ ions can be completely shielded by four PMe3 ligands.
Biradical ditrielanes 94a-c are products of reactions of GaI191 or InCl with diazabutadienes ,192194 while 94d was isolated from an obscure reaction.193. The hydroxide, formula Ga(OH)3, is amphoteric; it is precipitated from solutions of gallium salts by alkali hydroxides.
Gallium's boiling point is more than eight times higher than its melting point on the absolute scale the greatest ratio between melting point and boiling point of any element.
7 famous mummies and secrets they've revealed about the ancient world, Lost city, a real-life 'Helm's Deep,' possibly discovered in Iraq, The ultimate action-packed science and technology magazine bursting with exciting information about the universe, Engaging articles, amazing illustrations & exclusive interviews, Issues delivered straight to your door or device, Atomic number (number of protons in the nucleus): 31, Atomic weight (average mass of the atom): 69.723, Melting point: degrees 85.57 degrees Fahrenheit (29.76 degrees Celsius), Number of isotopes (atoms of the same element with a different number of neutrons): 24 whose half-lives are known.
Trans-metal-trapping with R3Ga (R=CH2SiMe3).124,126,127 Quenching with MeOH was carried out only for the Li gallate. In fact, about 95 percent of all gallium produced is used to make gallium arsenide (GaAs), a compound used in microwave and infrared circuits, semiconductors and blue and violet LEDs, according to Chemistry Explained.
He named the missing element eka-aluminum because he knew it would go below aluminum on the periodic table in box 31, according to Chemicool.
She has also written 14 science chapter books and numerous teacher resource books for the elementary classroom. Gallium forms a mirror when painted on glass and is widely used in semiconductors, transistors, and other solid-state devices. These types of functional digallanes [R2E2X2]n (n=1, 2, 3) normally do not undergo simple substitution reactions, which might offer a broad potential to the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds with GaGa-units. Here, GaSi(SiMe3)3 groups substitute for bridging CO-ligands in Fe2(CO)9 (Eq.
It can be used to create brilliant mirrors. In addition, other types of protonic acids have been applied for reactions in analogy to Eq. Ipso-substitution reaction takes place with 1,2,3-trimethoxybenzene (Scheme 149).443,444, GaCl3 mediates the reaction of 1,4-bis(trimethylsilyl)-1,3-butadiyne with aromatic hydrocarbons at 90 to 100C yielding 2-aryl-1-buten-3-ynes 112 and 113. 71Ga NMR spectroscopic studies are much less common due to the characteristically broad resonances, associated with the large quadrupole moment, and low receptivity, and partly because Ga chemistry has attracted much less attention than that of B or Al.