[7] Despite this, he also believed that the hotel scenes communicate "a sense of almost supernatural horror", and asks of the noise heard after Mr. Bebe chastises his mother: "A backfire? They converse about trivial matters while Otilia and Adi remain silent. [105] In 2009, he released a single film called Tales from the Golden Age, following 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days in depicting the Ceauescu era and starring Vlad Ivanov. Author Doru Pop acknowledged the differing number of characters and no male Jesus, but asserted that it is relevant to have a dinner while a tragedy is unfolding. [43] The attendees boast about belonging to the middle class, and make denigrating comments about Otilia's rural origins. Otilia wraps the fetus with some towels and puts it in a bag, while Gbia asks her to bury it. [29], Filming began in October 2006, with the objective to complete it by May, so that it could be entered into the 2007 Cannes Film Festival.
16, 0152 Oslo, NorwayEditor-in-chief: Truls Lie. [27] The film was produced on a budget of under 600,000. Avram reported on 15 towns, with the most viewers in, Festival cancelled while in progress (1968), Romanian Communist Party General Secretary, economy of the Socialist Republic of Romania, San Sebastin International Film Festival, List of accolades received by 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days, Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, List of Romanian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, List of submissions to the 80th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, "4 Luni, 3 Saptamani, Si 2 Zile - 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (2007)", "4 Months, 3 Weeks And 2 Days (4 Luni, 3 Saptamini Si 2 Zile)", "My favourite Cannes winner: 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days", "Time Warped: 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days: Take Two", "4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days Director Cristian Mungiu Interview", "Decade: Cristian Mungiu on '4 Months, 3 Weeks, and 2 Days', "Laura Vasiliu - 'Cred in povestile fericite', "Historical Context of Mungiu's Movie 432", "The cold world behind the window: 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days and Romanian cinema's return to real-existing communism", "Heartbreak Hotel: Film of the Month: 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days", "A Miraculous Frame: 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days: Take Three", "Fipresci Grand Prize to Mungui's '4 Months', "Remembering the 2007 Toronto International Film Festival", "4 Months, 3 Weeks & 2 Days to be Shown in French Schools", "DVDs: '4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days'; 'Burn Notice: Season 1'; 'Californication: Season 1'; 'Fool's Gold' and more", "The choice and the cost: 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days", "Review: Cristian Mungiu's 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days on Criterion Blu-ray", "Metacritic: 2007 Film Critic Top Ten Lists", "Metacritic: 2008 Film Critic Top Ten Lists", "Friend Indeed Who Doesn't Judge or Flinch", "Best films of the noughties No 7: 4 Months, 3 Weeks & 2 Days", "Romanian director wins top prize at Cannes", "Oscar Omissions Provoke Outcry, In Any Language", "Romania's Oscar entry 'Beyond the Hills' director", "Foreign-language Oscar nominees portray true grittiness", "From minimalist representation to excessive interpretation: Contextualizing 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days", "Cristian Mungiu, Auteur-Director 'Twenty Years After': Strategies of Translating the Past on Screen (4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days and Tales from the Golden Age)", Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives, Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film, The Cook, the Thief, His Wife & Her Lover, Los Angeles Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film, National Society of Film Critics Award for Best Foreign Language Film, New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Women on the Verge of a Nervous Breakdown, Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Foreign Language Film, Vancouver Film Critics Circle Award for Best Foreign Language Film, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=4_Months,_3_Weeks_and_2_Days&oldid=1099655973, Articles containing Romanian-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 21 July 2022, at 23:20. Children of the Decree does more than recount history: it exposes us to the personal tragedies caused by the regime. [12], At the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, Cristian Mungiu became the first Romanian filmmaker to win the Palme d'Or, the festival's highest honour. [33] Mutu and Mungiu had previously developed a formula of lengthy takes and medium shots with the director's first feature film, Occident. [25], The film debuted on the first day of the Cannes Film Festival in May 2007. Mungiu explained that this was related to the poverty, saying "You need people in a society to have reached a certain standard of living before they can be polite". [22] Aside from the anecdote, depicting the 1980s in Romania was appealing because he remembered the time, and "The attraction is for the stories that I know from that period. The site's critical consensus reads "Featuring gut-wrenching performances from Anamaria Marinca and Laura Vasiliu, 4 Months is a gripping portrayal of life in Communist Romania". This is seen at the end, where Otilia forbids further discussion of the abortion. [24], Journalist Steven Boone said that while the film was well reviewed for "its bracing drabness, its ugliness, its lack of style", he believed it was "beautiful and stylized", because "it is alive and piercingly present-tense". After the argument, Otilia calls Gbia from Adi's house. By delving into the consequences of his obsessed policy in Children of the Decree, Iepan resolutely establishes why they turned against him and made his evil regime come to an end. [38] Scholar Florentina C. Andreescu opined the two female protagonists share emotional loyalty, while in the wake of Mr. Bebe's abuses, Otilia becomes increasingly suspicious of Adi. A lot of the DOX articles republished in ModernTimes was ordered by her. Afterwards, Otilia takes a bus to visit her boyfriend Adi, from whom she borrows money. He compared it with the films of the Dardenne brothers. It went on to win numerous honours, including Best Film at the European Film Awards and Romania's national Gopo Awards. [71] In Region A, The Criterion Collection released a Blu-ray in 2019.
[Google Scholar]), tells the story of a university student, who resorts to an illegal abortion. It tells the story of two students, roommates in a university dormitory, who try to procure an illegal abortion. These people were talking the same language but still looked like aliens. Otilia is exasperated by Gbia's lies, yet continues to help and care for her. 3099067 [18] Sanctions against contraception were also in place,[19] and sex education was rare. When at the dinner table, Adi's mother claims to have gotten blue Easter eggs by mixing yellow dye with green dye. This changes the procedure and also adds the risk of a murder charge. By what name was 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (2007) officially released in India in English? Who can tell? [51], The dinner scene is reminiscent of the Last Supper. Jacobsen was previously editor in chief of the DOX Magazine from March 1998 until early 2009. Jitaru specifically cited the dinner scene, where the conversation makes much of the divide between those with university degrees and those with none. [52] Mungiu conceded that such similarities were accidental, and that once he appreciated the potential analogy during production, the filmmakers added a more focused view of Otilia to reveal her stress. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG.
We use cookies to improve your website experience. [21] Anamaria Marinca had not worked with Mungiu before reading the screenplay, and found the story intriguing. [62] After the festival, distribution rights for 60 countries had been sold. [22], Scholar Dominique Nasta saw the style as a "minimalist, 'less is more' line". The women in the beginning of the film are obtaining their contraceptive pills illegally through the black market, as well as luxury products like soap and cigarettes. Romanian Communist Party General Secretary Nicolae Ceauescu enacted the abortion law Decree 770 in 1966 in order to increase the birth rates in the country. [11] When Otilia is searching for Mr. Bebe, there is also a line of people visible in the background queuing for food, reflecting the lack of food security in the 1980s. A woman assists her friend in arranging an illegal abortion in 1980s Romania. [76] The film also holds a 97% rating on Metacritic based on 37 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim";[77] while numerous critics placed it in their top 10 films of 2007 or 2008. These include Cristi Puiu's The Death of Mr. Lazarescu, which won the Prix un certain regard at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival; Corneliu Porumboiu's 12:08 East of Bucharest, which won the Camera d'Or at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival; and Cristian Nemescu's California Dreamin', which won the Prix un certain regard at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival. [22] In Mungiu's mind, this would "keep a proper distance from the subject and be honest with the story". The setting is grim and the bleached out film stock adds to the jittery camera work and gives an uneasy feeling throughout, instantly you are transported to a time where people barter with tic tacs, cigarettes and powdered milk and the promise of sugar is a dream to many and a reality to only a few. [40] He argued that class and generational conflicts are presented in the dinner party scene, where the characters have more food than lower classes, discuss social issues such as conscription into the Romanian Armed Forces, and treat Otilia as representative of the "new generation" that does not appreciate what it has been given. [94] Writer Waltraud Maierhofer also interpreted it as "not simply for or against abortion".
[12] Following the 1989 Revolution, abortion was made lawful, and subsequently unrestricted in the first 14 weeks.[20]. [107][n 5], Note: Entries scored out are when the award was not handed. After Otilia accepts a cigarette in front of Adi's parents, one of the guests starts talking about lost values and respect for elders. [24], In setting out to write the screenplay, he intended the focus to be less on the abortion, and more on the time and its people. [8] Writing in his 2015 Movie Guide, Leonard Maltin rated it three and a half stars, and called it "forceful" with a "matter-of-fact tone". [59] Critic Peter Debruge declared the style "the antithesis of your well-lit, elegantly shot Hollywood movies or the locally made films of Mungiu's childhood". Mungiu once commented about the period: "the only car you can see on the streets is Dacia". [80] Jay Weissberg from Variety magazine said that the film was "pitch perfect and brilliantly acted a stunning achievement". [15] Author Dominique Nasta judged the film to be an accurate portrait of the oppression, and on the poor state of the economy of the Socialist Republic of Romania in the later days of Ceauescu's regime. Otilia stares blankly at Gbia. 2007.
"[26], Mungiu revised the screenplay numerous times during productions, creating 17 drafts. [21] He conducted interviews with others who lived through the period, to determine if the experience was common. [9] In anticipation of the 2008 U.S. presidential election, Time critics Mary and Richard Corliss also cited the film to discourage electing a candidate opposed to Roe v. Wade, saying the film revealed potential negative consequences. [11] The procedure was permitted in only extremely limited circumstances. [68] Television stations and an airline also wished to censor the fetus shot. Cited by lists all citing articles based on Crossref citations.Articles with the Crossref icon will open in a new tab. [51] Additionally, the story, set during a single day, is related by real time narrative in its scenes, although minutes or hours may separate the events in separate scenes. [22] Because of the extended takes, Mungiu sought actors who could remember large amounts of dialogue, and found that Vlad Ivanov was ideal for a 25-minute sequence. [93] Peter T. Chattaway, writing for Christianity Today, opined that "The abortion itself is handled in a way that could be seen to support both sides of the abortion debate", given the abuse to women, but also the portrayal of "the procedure's bloody aftermath". In a discussion with Adi, Otilia indicates she would not be ready to enter a marriage and raise a family. [104] Mungiu explained that "the golden age of Romania" is a term used nationally for Ceauescu's final nine years in power, though he said people then suffered "shortages and hardship". Gbia does not answer, so Otilia decides to return to the hotel. (Green, however, can be obtained by mixing blue and yellow.). Otilia leaves Gbia at the Tineretului to attend Adi's mother's birthday party. Scott also put the film seventh on his best of the decade list. [20] Mungiu also declined to state his position on abortion, and said he attempted to keep his film and his personal position separate. Although not an easy watch and considering the subject matter not something you can say you 'enjoyed' it is none the less a brilliant piece of film-making, subtle and emotive with very real character studies. [60] Mungiu said he aimed to begin scenes, including the first, without giving the audience background information and letting viewers discern what was happening. [27], In June 2008, the film was released on DVD in Region 1 by Genius Products in the U.S. and by Mongrel Media in Canada, featuring interviews with the filmmakers and Sorin Avram's documentary 1 Month with 4 Months, 3 Weeks, 2 Days. CHILDREN OF THE DECREE. They belong to me. Is "4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days" based on a book? [25] As he continued writing, he stated pushing a political point was not so much a factor in editing, as he opted not to delete potential scenes if they felt credible, asking "Would this reasonably have happened, and does it make sense to the story to keep it? In the documentary Children of the Decree, director Florin Iepan explores Ceauescus pronatalist policies by subversively juxtaposing official propaganda images with a series of interviews with medical professionals, abortionists, and women. Iepans contribution is to show the eugenic dimensions of Ceauescus population policy that preferred healthy children to the detriment of disabled children. [46] The hotel room where the abortion is performed becomes a location outside of the government's supervision. Through an ingenious use of his rich archive material, Florin Iepan creates a raw, poignant document. [50] Additionally, the characters are often impolite towards each other. Adi asks Otilia to visit his family that night, as it is his mother's birthday. Recommended articles lists articles that we recommend and is powered by our AI driven recommendation engine. You will receive a link to create a new password via email. 4 Luni, 3Sptmni i 2 Zile [4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days]. [96] In its home country, it was nominated for 15 Gopo Awards and won nine, including Best Film. [7] Writing for Le Monde, Thomas Sotinel called the film excellent and cited Marinca for an intense performance. In an effort to increase the dwindling population, the dictatorial Communist regime had issued Decree 770 in 1967 which put a ban on not only abortion but also contraceptive medicine. [102] In 2013, The Wrap named Mungiu "The Man Who Changed Oscars Rules". [91] Scholars Oana Godeanu-Kenworthy and Oana Popescu-Sandu argued the film was simply about communism, and the minimalism allowed for foreign audiences to see what they wanted, including a statement on the abortion debate. [33] A scene showing Gbia visiting her father (played by Costica Babu) was deleted for narrative purposes, given Otilia is the protagonist. Otilia sits and tells Gbia that they are never going to talk about the episode again.
[101], Following the Academy Award controversy, the Academy reformed its methodology of choosing Best Foreign Language Film nominees, allowing a committee of approximately 20 members to name three favourite candidates, balancing out a shortlist composed by a second committee made up of hundreds of voters. The film won three awards at the 2007 Cannes Film Festival, including the Palme d'Or. Otilia: [subtitled version] We're never going to talk about this, okay? [28] Despite this, communism is a major subject. Blue is a primary color and cannot be obtained from mixing any other colors. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? But it lends the scene its bizarre, oppressive air of ill omen".
[12] The law was not based on any religious opposition to abortion,[13] but on the government's authority and control over its citizens. [30][n 2] In several scenes, the indoor locations were so small that the camera had to be placed outside of the room. At the Tineretului, Mr. Bebe discovers that Gbia's claim that her pregnancy was in its second or third month was a lie, and that it has been at least four months.
[17] Gradea cited a conservative 10,000 estimate. Centrul National al Cinematografiei (CNC).
[3], On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 96% approval rating based on 139 reviews and an average rating of 8.35/10. It has two great performances from the college roommates Otilia and Gabita from their introduction to us as they make plans for a trip through to the grizzly outcome that concludes the film. She felt "heat" in each frame, writing "we're waiting for the bomb the constant threat of imprisonment or death that defined life under Nicolae Ceaucescu". [63] In September 2007, it competed at the San Sebastin International Film Festival. It took 17 attempts over five days to complete the scene. [28], Mungiu viewed auditions of many young women for the two protagonists. [14] Academic Adriana Cordali Gradea further argued justifications for the decree rendered a view of women as second-class citizens, with no right to be heard.
[86] In 2015, The Guardian's Benjamin Lee identified it as his favourite film to win the Palme d'Or, praising it as a success as a modern thriller. [n 3], Although the film won the Cinema Prize of the French National Education System at Cannes, protests by the anti-abortion movement led French Education Minister Xavier Darcos to consider banning it from French high schools. [27], To highlight the emotional state of the characters, the film was shot in long takes, close-ups were avoided, and a score was not used.
Ceausescu forced the women of Romania to deliver an exceptional population growth, while Ceausescu at the same time carried out an irresponsible economical policy that impoverished his people, leaving them with no money to buy food and clothes for their many children. [79] Time magazine's Richard and Mary Corliss described it as a "gripping, satisfying film" and particularly noted the use of minimalism and "formal rigor" as defining aesthetic characteristics. [65], In its own country, it debuted at the Transilvania International Film Festival in June 2007, where it attracted long queues. [82] Jean-Baptiste Morain of Les Inrockuptibles remarked on the film's powerful emotions, and credited Mungiu with managing to do much with little. [37], Academic Judit Pieldner summed up the plot as "the story of a friendship facing a moral test". After 2009 she worked freelance, until she died in 2013. [23] He hoped that basing the story on a factual account would also distinguish it from previous Romanian films: I remember watching many propagandistic examples of Romanian cinema and thinking nothing like that ever happened to us. Inspired by an anecdote from the period and the general social historic context, it depicts the loyalty of the two friends and the struggles they face. [21] Though he had heard it from a friend 15 years prior to the film, the incident occurred five years before that, in 1987, a date that Mungiu noted in the screenplay. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors. [4] For The New York Times, Manohla Dargis championed the direction, cinematography and lengthy takes. . [11], During the years of Decree 770, the only available abortion methods, all illegal, could prove fatal to women, causing thousands of deaths. Dir. Otilia walks outside, finally climbing to the top of a building, as Mr. Bebe had suggested, and dropping the bag in a trash chute. Adi and Otilia retreat to his room, where she tells him about Gbia's abortion. [58] According to Mungiu, the real time was meant to achieve a sense of continuity true to life. Maierhofer commented a woman will consider many things in making a choice, including health, finances and what the potential child would face. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. Mr. Bebe grows angry upon hearing that Gbia is not at the planned hotel. It made $1,198,208 in the United States and Canada, and $8,642,130 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $9,840,338. [54] Despite the handheld camera, Mungiu said the crew developed a style where shots were taken so the action is followed but the camera's movements would not be overly obvious to the audience. Director: Florin Iepan, Germany/Romania 2004, 68 min. We can be found at all the primary European documentary festivals, on-site for audiences, and in the delegate bags of professionals. [63] By 8 September 2008, IFC Films reported a solid financial performance for 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days in the U.S., with a gross of $1.2 million.
[87] In a 2016 worldwide critics' poll conducted by BBC, it was ranked 15th in the 100 Greatest Films of the 21st Century. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: The Representation of the Socialist Abortion Ban as Womens Reproductive Burden in Postsocialist Romanian Cinema, History/Women and Gender Studies, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, /doi/full/10.1080/2040350X.2022.2087342?needAccess=true. [81][99] The controversy caused an Academy member to pledge nomination reform, though the category had often sparked criticism.
People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. The crew dropped bags of cabbage and potatoes to create the sound effect. [92], In The Australian Feminist Law Journal, Fiona Jenkins interpreted the story as a morally ambiguous argument that safe abortion services should be allowed, but that Otilia telling Gbia they will never talk about the matter reflects her "trauma not only of what she has undergone but what she has done". Winner of last years Palme d'Or this Romanian film set in the eighties and is a cross between Richard Linklater's 2001 film 'Tape', in that the majority of the action takes place in one room between three central characters and Mike Leigh's 2004 film 'Vera Drake' in that its central theme is illegal abortion. Otilia initially declines, relenting after Adi becomes upset. [10] Aside from reflecting the length of the fictional pregnancy, the 4-3-2 form of the title creates the impression of rushed countdown reinforcing the thriller genre aspects, Gradea wrote. The material mainly consists of propaganda films and TV shows produced during . [59] The Independent critic Jonathan Romney characterized it as "claustrophobic" in parts and an "intense realist exercise". [2][84], In 2009, The Guardian ranked it seventh in its "Best films of the noughties" list, surveying the past decade. [14] He intended to make six short films under the banner "Tales from the Golden Age", and then allow younger directors to take over the series. The lack of a score can also be seen as contributing to a sense of pending danger. 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (Cristian Mungiu, 2007 Mungiu, Cristian. A gunshot? [36] Anti-abortion protests comparable to those in the U.S. or Ireland did not occur in Romania until 2005, when the Orthodox Church commented on the matter. The film is set in Communist Romania in the final years of the Nicolae Ceauescu era. [13] In the 1980s, the decree was strengthened to mandate gynecological appointments, to assess if individual women could reproduce. [22], In one scene, the aborted fetus is visible on screen for approximately 14 seconds, the length it took for the actors to deliver the dialogue, with Mungiu opting not to edit out the shot since it "was part of the story". He added that the film shares a number of characteristics with other productions of the New Romanian Cinema, namely: "long takes, controlled camera and an astonishing ear for natural dialogue". [44], The term "communism" is never mentioned,[42] the existence of Decree 770 is only implied,[18] and president Nicolae Ceauescu is never named. . Foreign viewers not familiar with the situation in Romania in the late 1980s may be unaware that not only abortion was illegal there, but contraception as well. As Gbia nervously sits and waits, Otilia barters and buys soap and cigarettes from the dormitory shop. Mr. Bebe exploits this, boasts of the worth of his expertise and notes the risk he is taking, in order to extort the women for sex. Gbia's reasons are never said; it can be presumed she made the decision herself, though Maierhofer wrote at times she appears "irresponsible". [100] Mungiu later said the omission and subsequent furor brought the picture substantial publicity, and that the experience taught him that critics and festival juries have differing tastes from the Academy. [39] Turcu instead interpreted the scene as Mr. Bebe presenting himself as the "new man", sharing the women's legal peril and an openness to sexuality, while in fact being "the communist brute". [95] Later, it became the first Romanian work to receive the European Film Award for Best Film.
The major revision was the emergence of Otilia as the sole protagonist, while Gbia's part was reduced. [59] In Empire, Damon Wise gave it five stars, positively reviewing the cinematography, colour scheme, and the depiction of the black-market terror created when something is outlawed. [49], The fact that the characters live in poverty is reflected in a scene where Mr. Bebe accosts his mother for wanting to buy sugar. [61] At Cannes, IFC Films purchased distribution rights for the United States. [22] Mungiu, himself a decreel (born in the time of Decree 770),[11] wanted to create a serious film focusing on the true story, which still affected him and felt tragic more than 15 years later.
This raised concerns among French film industry workers about censorship. What is "4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days" about? When Otilia enters the hotel room Gbia is lying on the bed, and she tells Otilia that the fetus has been expelled and is in the bathroom. Mungiu and cinematographer Oleg Mutu shot it in Bucharest and other Romanian locations in 2006. [89] Mungiu said the fetus shot was not linked to the anti-abortion movement, as Romanians did not commonly use these depictions and the abortion debate was no longer prominent there. He said, "it's also a film about responsibilities and decision-making". [41] Academic Claudiu Turcu remarked that the dinner scene, where the characters look down on some careers and act as if smoking in front of one's elders is disrespectful, shows how regressive they are. [89][n 4] Wilson observed 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days displayed the aborted fetus, comparable to the U.S. anti-abortion movement's use of such images, but argued the film was closer to pro-choice ideology in its focus on the law's harm to women. [57] Jitaru also commented on the colour scheme, observing "cold desaturated colours", particularly greys, blues and greens in the beginning. [28] The Mr. Bebe character was also given a red Dacia car. Mr. Bebe then performs the abortion by injecting a probe and an unnamed fluid into Gbia's uterus, and leaves Otilia instructions on how to dispose of the fetus when it comes out. [75][78] Roger Ebert awarded it four stars, commenting on the stupidity of the character Gbia and contrasting her to the title character of that year's Juno, but hailing the film as "a powerful film and a stark visual accomplishment". [36] The chute featured at the end of the film was constructed for the film, as there was not one at the location.
After speaking with Gbia on the telephone, Otilia goes to a rendezvous point to meet with Mr. Bebe, although he had asked Gbia that she meet him personally. 4 Months, 3 Weeks and 2 Days (Romanian: 4 luni, 3 sptmni i 2 zile) is a 2007 Romanian art film with drama and thriller elements,[n 1] written and directed by Cristian Mungiu and starring Anamaria Marinca, Laura Vasiliu, and Vlad Ivanov. Walters remarked on "handheld, mobile, almost literally breathtaking" shots, and on the impact of still scenes. [55] Journalist Brian Gibson assessed the photography as "patient, alert, dogged in its observation of Otilia's endeavours".
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