Head into a Chrome window and look for the bookmark bar that strip of links right under the browser's address bar. Now just look for your newly created Restart button in that area (and drag and drop it if you want to move it into a more prominent place). Youll also learn how to customize the Terminals appearance and behavior.
The secret resides within a little-known Chrome command for initiating a fresh start: All you've gotta do is type chrome:restart into the address bar of any browser window, and bam your Chromebook will restart itself. IT IS DANGEROUS!!! Paste the color HEX code in the dialog box and press. Whatever keyword you choose will be the command you type into the browser address bar anytime you want to restart your Chromebook, so the main thing is that you want it to be short and simple enough to be effective as a shortcut but not so short and simple that you might enter it accidentally. When the installation is complete, a Terminal window will open. IMPORTANT: The U2F feature is experimental and not suitable for general production use in its current form. Terminal may not be in the app launcher because your Chromebooks hardware doesnt support the Linux (Beta) environment. |. It's a super-handy shortcut you can add into your Chrome OS computer to fill a curious void and make your system significantly easier to use. If you have any questions about opening the Linux Terminal on Chromebook that this article didnt answer, drop a comment below or visit Chromebook Help Center to get support from Google or your Chromebook manufacturer.
Does anyone know what the command is? You can only use the app on your Chromebook when you set up the Linux development environment. some extraordinarily simple-seeming feats have remained oddly unaddressed. So, if you have been wanting to tinker with your Chromebook, here are 40 cool Chrome OS commands to run in Crosh. 8. By JR Raphael, It was a long search. Brooooo! I dont know how, but it can be done. 26. set_apn: set APN for cellular data usage (Chromebooks with cellular connectivity). Then download the Secure Shell App or the Sercure Shell Extension in the Chrome Store. Keyboard, mouse, and additional behaviors. iOS apps on Macs? Also, we will keep updating this list, so you can come back later for more new commands. I just need to find the distribution of my Chromebook. The main difference is that Google still hasn't tackled this one effectively, so it's up to you to find or create the creative workaround.
I have tried many times.
Most gaming components perform but do so after weighing in a few kilos at the least. And, of course, you want it to be something you'll remember. fr wow its amazing its so cool.???????????????? The next phase of Google's Chrome OS takeover, Google Pixelbook: What the naysayers are missing. Well, laptop makers in 2022 recognized the need [], 40 Handy Chrome OS Commands to Run in Crosh, How to Turn on Automatic Clicks in Chromebook. Leave now. 1.help: display general commands to execute. If Terminal is missing in the app launcher, your devices operating system is most likely outdated. You have been warned. These new features make it more accessible and comfortable, and let you personalize the Terminal to feel uniquely your own. 10. vmc stop termina : It allows you to force close the whole Linux container on Chrome OS. KIDS WATCH OUT! 21. ping www.beebom.com: works like in other operating systems for network troubleshooting. This article is worthless. ChromeOS.dev is officially launched; an open-source, multilingual blueprint to build world-class apps and game for, and on, ChromeOS. play dotarras.glitch.me!!! The current implementation is still in flux and some features (including security-relevant ones) are still missing. 22. network_diag: runs network diagnostics tests and saves them as text file. Press J to jump to the feed. If you mean the Chrome os itself, You have to be in dev mode. uhh crosh is a terminal not a hacking software two many diffirent things sorry if i sounded mean i wasint trying to be and its awesome you like computers now! Right-click the Terminal icon and select Settings from the menu. If you use Linux Terminal often, pin the Terminal app to your Chromebooks shelf so its readily available on the desktop. you can find out how on YouTube or other websites. If you don't see it, hit Ctrl-Shift-B to toggle it on.
yea but your gonna have to figure that one out for yourself. ", "Thank you Shadimate for making me meet my soulmate.
Copyright 2008-2022 Help Desk Geek.com, LLC All Rights Reserved.
15. ipaddrs -4 : Similarly, you can quickly find the IPv4 address by running this command. We are highly committed to provide secure and genuine relationship. or sumfing cl to do at skl during lunch. Note that setting up the Linux development environment on Chromebook requires an internet connection. If your not a noob than show us how to freaking do crap with crosh. Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, Fedora, etc.). (you could also use this to install Crouton) If you have one of the few laptops currently that support linux and move on the developer channel you could install Linux, which in turn will give you a Terminal app which is basically a command line, though is pretty new and apparently unstable for now. 39. sudo edit-grub-config : If you are on the Developer mode, you can run this command in Crosh to edit the Grub config file. _. Hello.
10 Fixes to Try, If you havent set up the Linux development environment on your Chromebook, youll be prompted to do so. The Terminal is the main entry point into Linux on ChromeOS and the main way for you to interact with the development environment by running command line tools. If Linux apps or files stop working for you then you can use it to shut down the whole Linux system. If you want to turn off WoL then simply replace true with false. It's something that came up during a conversation with one of the members of my Android Intelligence Platinum community recently, so I set out to scratch this fuzzy ol' mammal-noggin of mine and muster up a solution. I was here to see new and cool commands but there are the dev commands here too this is so amazing, How do you see the messages in the syslog, im trying to disable the wifi at school two. 27. set_cellular_ppp: set PPP username and password for cellular connection(Chromebooks with cellular connectivity). This actually worked. Sodiq has written thousands of tutorials, guides, and explainers over the past 4 years to help people solve problems with Android, iOS, Mac, and Windows devices. Reality check: Can you use a Chromebook for work? A good command is network_diag dhcp . Obviously, you will need a Chromebook with an Ethernet port. You can press Ctrl+Alt+T to get in crosh, the chrome shell, and type shell to get the linux shell. The article would be reviewed and corrected. Chrome OS to Get a New Partial Split View; Heres How It Looks! Sign up for my weekly newsletter to get next-level tips and insight delivered directly to your inbox.
We're just now getting a (still-buried) way to restore all of your apps and windows and avoid having that blasted blank browser window come up every time you restart your forkin' Chromebook, for example, roughly a decade into the platform's life. Instructions to enable Linux, aka Crostini, on ChromeOS for development. I think if u type in crosh shutdown -I it shutsdown all of the computers in the school if you use it right but do u think the cop that works at the school will know who did it I need to know this please, wait so if you type in crosh commands crosh shutdown it will shutdown all the computers, no it does not i just tried looks like someone is just trying to fit in, Why would that be included in Crosh. Our articles have been read over 150 million times since we launched in 2008. 14. ipaddrs-6 : If you want to find out the IPv6 address of your Chromebook then run this easy command on Crosh. Dont be stupid, spam reload or if you have the reload button spam thatmight not work. A 3-question quiz to find out, 7 fresh Chromebook features to keep an eye on, The curiously missing piece in Google's Chromebook puzzle.
rilly workslike mt anime problems.
Here, we have mentioned all sorts of commands, for both basic to advanced users. Your Chromebook may not launch Terminal if the Linux environment isnt working correctly in the background. Time to call it: The Chromebook is the new Android tablet. Ive just run crosh storage_test_2 and the following message appeared. If you are unsure what a toggling a setting will do, you can always hover your cursor over it for additional details.
Google settings.
I would personally stick with Termux for starters as it's the only one without real risks but can still do a lot of things. Theres no details whatsoever. This line of messages is funny, but just abandon all hops of fortnite ever getting better. I'd honestly never considered the fact that Chromebooks don't have a simple on-screen restart function, but the perceptive Homo sapien asking me the question was absolutely right: If you look at the Chrome OS Quick Settings panel, you've got a single-click button for powering your computer down and that's it: Weird, right? Everyone need to try theese out!!! I'm talking about the vexing lack of any simple restart command within the Chrome OS software. As mentioned earlier, outdated or bad code in the Chrome operating system can render some system apps unusable. You can click on the link below to move to different sections. You are welcome to play with this, but use at your own risk. modem reset -modem (Ip address) This will bring up a window with a series of prompts. Open Settings > About Chrome OS > Check for updates and install the Chrome OS update for your device. You can also install the Linux development environment from the Chrome OS settings menu. I saw this one command on a YT video. When you first start up the Terminal, youll notice that the window now opens immediately and displays the progress of starting up the Linux container. 16. top: Chrome OS task manager (shows all processes). Relaunch Terminal or any Linux app to restart the Linux environment. i do better commands show me how to do cool command now, geeks know how to spell of course and stop trying so hard to be a geek, i hack in to it now i get every school computer to have ya. In the Copy and paste section, you can choose to automatically copy selected content or paste copied content using the mouse right-click (or 2-finger taps on the trackpad). 28. ssh : In case you are unaware, you can actually start an SSH network connection through the crosh. 35. syslog : store a message to syslog. Before you start executing commands, youll have to start up Crosh. Google's turning up the gas on its Android-Chrome OS 2 handy yet hidden Chromebook security features, The next logical step in Google's Android-Chrome OS 'merger', Scroll down until you see the Search Engines sections, then click the line within it labeled "Manage search engines.". It works well, but depending on the specifics of your device, it may or may not always be as convenient as the on-screen options we just went over and it may not be possible at all, even, especially if you're using a desktop-based Chromebox or any other such setup.
Thanks to Shadimate.com for providing best platform as here i have found most of profile verified and personalized support. Wow so cool BTW Im a geek so of cores and places I like it. On the screen that comes up next, find the line that says "Other search engines" and click the Add box alongside it. All seemed well but now I get intermittent lock-ups and black screens. The Terminal app works like your web browser. Copyright 2022 IDG Communications, Inc. Word for Microsoft 365 cheat sheet: Ribbon quick reference, The Polish IT market shows resilience despite challenges in H1. Here, you can enable or disable hardware devices, features and a lot more. Lenovo Legion Slim 7 Review: Portable Gaming That Doesnt Compromise. Google Workspace vs. Microsoft 365: Which has better management tools? The Androidification of Chrome OS is about to go into How to turn any website into a custom Chrome OS app, The always-connected Chromebook: What's different this time. Tap the black circle next to the dialog box, move the selector/slider to your preferred background color, and tap OK. Copyright 2021 IDG Communications, Inc. Try the troubleshooting recommendations below if the Linux Terminal isnt opening on your Chromebook. features. dude you cant use crosh to hack anything I dont think, and I also dont think you can hack anything with JUST commands but if you are honestly interested in hacking i recommend learning some basic coding and using an IDE like VSCode and using a program which will hide your identity and whatnot such as TOR or I2P, both of those work very well but when using them especially for things like hacking you should have some sort of VPN but all of the best ones cost money, the two best free VPN services in my opinion are Hotspot shield VPN free version and Orbot. Select, Enter a preferred username, which must start with a lowercase character or underscore, select the, Launch Terminal, right-click the app icon on the Shelf, and select, Scroll to the Background category to use a different color or image as the Terminal background. just be careful when messing with this kind of stuff and make sure you really know what youre doing before you start messing around, when i was in middle school i thought itd be funny to to put the computer into developer mode and use Ubuntu to access TOR and get on the deep web, which i did, and i ended up getting in some really serious trouble, nothing terrible just an expulsion for 90 days. You can actually make the keyword anything you want restart, SOS, someonesaveme, or maybe even oogaboogaheyhey, if you happen to be insane and/or a tech-savvy dolphin who says things like "oogaboogaheyhey." So, we have only listed commands that work with the latest Chrome OS build. You can open multiple Terminal tabs to run different commands individually without one affecting the other. DONT MESS WITH CROSH!!! Tap the plus (+) icon or right-click the active tab and select the New tab to the right. However, as a writer who edits images daily, I find myself on these websites only to be annoyed with constant pop-ups, forced [], In March earlier this year, Garmin launched its Instinct 2 smartwatch series in India. dis relly woks!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The secret resides within a little-known Chrome command for initiating a fresh start: All you've gotta do is type chrome:restart into the address bar of any browser window, and bam your Chromebook will restart itself. IT IS DANGEROUS!!! Paste the color HEX code in the dialog box and press. Whatever keyword you choose will be the command you type into the browser address bar anytime you want to restart your Chromebook, so the main thing is that you want it to be short and simple enough to be effective as a shortcut but not so short and simple that you might enter it accidentally. When the installation is complete, a Terminal window will open. IMPORTANT: The U2F feature is experimental and not suitable for general production use in its current form. Terminal may not be in the app launcher because your Chromebooks hardware doesnt support the Linux (Beta) environment. |. It's a super-handy shortcut you can add into your Chrome OS computer to fill a curious void and make your system significantly easier to use. If you have any questions about opening the Linux Terminal on Chromebook that this article didnt answer, drop a comment below or visit Chromebook Help Center to get support from Google or your Chromebook manufacturer.
Does anyone know what the command is? You can only use the app on your Chromebook when you set up the Linux development environment. some extraordinarily simple-seeming feats have remained oddly unaddressed. So, if you have been wanting to tinker with your Chromebook, here are 40 cool Chrome OS commands to run in Crosh. 8. By JR Raphael, It was a long search. Brooooo! I dont know how, but it can be done. 26. set_apn: set APN for cellular data usage (Chromebooks with cellular connectivity). Then download the Secure Shell App or the Sercure Shell Extension in the Chrome Store. Keyboard, mouse, and additional behaviors. iOS apps on Macs? Also, we will keep updating this list, so you can come back later for more new commands. I just need to find the distribution of my Chromebook. The main difference is that Google still hasn't tackled this one effectively, so it's up to you to find or create the creative workaround.
I have tried many times.
Most gaming components perform but do so after weighing in a few kilos at the least. And, of course, you want it to be something you'll remember. fr wow its amazing its so cool.???????????????? The next phase of Google's Chrome OS takeover, Google Pixelbook: What the naysayers are missing. Well, laptop makers in 2022 recognized the need [], 40 Handy Chrome OS Commands to Run in Crosh, How to Turn on Automatic Clicks in Chromebook. Leave now. 1.help: display general commands to execute. If Terminal is missing in the app launcher, your devices operating system is most likely outdated. You have been warned. These new features make it more accessible and comfortable, and let you personalize the Terminal to feel uniquely your own. 10. vmc stop termina : It allows you to force close the whole Linux container on Chrome OS. KIDS WATCH OUT! 21. ping www.beebom.com: works like in other operating systems for network troubleshooting. This article is worthless. ChromeOS.dev is officially launched; an open-source, multilingual blueprint to build world-class apps and game for, and on, ChromeOS. play dotarras.glitch.me!!! The current implementation is still in flux and some features (including security-relevant ones) are still missing. 22. network_diag: runs network diagnostics tests and saves them as text file. Press J to jump to the feed. If you mean the Chrome os itself, You have to be in dev mode. uhh crosh is a terminal not a hacking software two many diffirent things sorry if i sounded mean i wasint trying to be and its awesome you like computers now! Right-click the Terminal icon and select Settings from the menu. If you use Linux Terminal often, pin the Terminal app to your Chromebooks shelf so its readily available on the desktop. you can find out how on YouTube or other websites. If you don't see it, hit Ctrl-Shift-B to toggle it on.
yea but your gonna have to figure that one out for yourself. ", "Thank you Shadimate for making me meet my soulmate.
Copyright 2008-2022 Help Desk Geek.com, LLC All Rights Reserved.
15. ipaddrs -4 : Similarly, you can quickly find the IPv4 address by running this command. We are highly committed to provide secure and genuine relationship. or sumfing cl to do at skl during lunch. Note that setting up the Linux development environment on Chromebook requires an internet connection. If your not a noob than show us how to freaking do crap with crosh. Ubuntu, Mint, Debian, Fedora, etc.). (you could also use this to install Crouton) If you have one of the few laptops currently that support linux and move on the developer channel you could install Linux, which in turn will give you a Terminal app which is basically a command line, though is pretty new and apparently unstable for now. 39. sudo edit-grub-config : If you are on the Developer mode, you can run this command in Crosh to edit the Grub config file. _. Hello.
10 Fixes to Try, If you havent set up the Linux development environment on your Chromebook, youll be prompted to do so. The Terminal is the main entry point into Linux on ChromeOS and the main way for you to interact with the development environment by running command line tools. If Linux apps or files stop working for you then you can use it to shut down the whole Linux system. If you want to turn off WoL then simply replace true with false. It's something that came up during a conversation with one of the members of my Android Intelligence Platinum community recently, so I set out to scratch this fuzzy ol' mammal-noggin of mine and muster up a solution. I was here to see new and cool commands but there are the dev commands here too this is so amazing, How do you see the messages in the syslog, im trying to disable the wifi at school two. 27. set_cellular_ppp: set PPP username and password for cellular connection(Chromebooks with cellular connectivity). This actually worked. Sodiq has written thousands of tutorials, guides, and explainers over the past 4 years to help people solve problems with Android, iOS, Mac, and Windows devices. Reality check: Can you use a Chromebook for work? A good command is network_diag dhcp . Obviously, you will need a Chromebook with an Ethernet port. You can press Ctrl+Alt+T to get in crosh, the chrome shell, and type shell to get the linux shell. The article would be reviewed and corrected. Chrome OS to Get a New Partial Split View; Heres How It Looks! Sign up for my weekly newsletter to get next-level tips and insight delivered directly to your inbox.
We're just now getting a (still-buried) way to restore all of your apps and windows and avoid having that blasted blank browser window come up every time you restart your forkin' Chromebook, for example, roughly a decade into the platform's life. Instructions to enable Linux, aka Crostini, on ChromeOS for development. I think if u type in crosh shutdown -I it shutsdown all of the computers in the school if you use it right but do u think the cop that works at the school will know who did it I need to know this please, wait so if you type in crosh commands crosh shutdown it will shutdown all the computers, no it does not i just tried looks like someone is just trying to fit in, Why would that be included in Crosh. Our articles have been read over 150 million times since we launched in 2008. 14. ipaddrs-6 : If you want to find out the IPv6 address of your Chromebook then run this easy command on Crosh. Dont be stupid, spam reload or if you have the reload button spam thatmight not work. A 3-question quiz to find out, 7 fresh Chromebook features to keep an eye on, The curiously missing piece in Google's Chromebook puzzle.
rilly workslike mt anime problems.
Here, we have mentioned all sorts of commands, for both basic to advanced users. Your Chromebook may not launch Terminal if the Linux environment isnt working correctly in the background. Time to call it: The Chromebook is the new Android tablet. Ive just run crosh storage_test_2 and the following message appeared. If you are unsure what a toggling a setting will do, you can always hover your cursor over it for additional details.
Google settings.
I would personally stick with Termux for starters as it's the only one without real risks but can still do a lot of things. Theres no details whatsoever. This line of messages is funny, but just abandon all hops of fortnite ever getting better. I'd honestly never considered the fact that Chromebooks don't have a simple on-screen restart function, but the perceptive Homo sapien asking me the question was absolutely right: If you look at the Chrome OS Quick Settings panel, you've got a single-click button for powering your computer down and that's it: Weird, right? Everyone need to try theese out!!! I'm talking about the vexing lack of any simple restart command within the Chrome OS software. As mentioned earlier, outdated or bad code in the Chrome operating system can render some system apps unusable. You can click on the link below to move to different sections. You are welcome to play with this, but use at your own risk. modem reset -modem (Ip address) This will bring up a window with a series of prompts. Open Settings > About Chrome OS > Check for updates and install the Chrome OS update for your device. You can also install the Linux development environment from the Chrome OS settings menu. I saw this one command on a YT video. When you first start up the Terminal, youll notice that the window now opens immediately and displays the progress of starting up the Linux container. 16. top: Chrome OS task manager (shows all processes). Relaunch Terminal or any Linux app to restart the Linux environment. i do better commands show me how to do cool command now, geeks know how to spell of course and stop trying so hard to be a geek, i hack in to it now i get every school computer to have ya. In the Copy and paste section, you can choose to automatically copy selected content or paste copied content using the mouse right-click (or 2-finger taps on the trackpad). 28. ssh : In case you are unaware, you can actually start an SSH network connection through the crosh. 35. syslog
Thanks to Shadimate.com for providing best platform as here i have found most of profile verified and personalized support. Wow so cool BTW Im a geek so of cores and places I like it. On the screen that comes up next, find the line that says "Other search engines" and click the Add box alongside it. All seemed well but now I get intermittent lock-ups and black screens. The Terminal app works like your web browser. Copyright 2022 IDG Communications, Inc. Word for Microsoft 365 cheat sheet: Ribbon quick reference, The Polish IT market shows resilience despite challenges in H1. Here, you can enable or disable hardware devices, features and a lot more. Lenovo Legion Slim 7 Review: Portable Gaming That Doesnt Compromise. Google Workspace vs. Microsoft 365: Which has better management tools? The Androidification of Chrome OS is about to go into How to turn any website into a custom Chrome OS app, The always-connected Chromebook: What's different this time. Tap the black circle next to the dialog box, move the selector/slider to your preferred background color, and tap OK. Copyright 2021 IDG Communications, Inc. Try the troubleshooting recommendations below if the Linux Terminal isnt opening on your Chromebook. features. dude you cant use crosh to hack anything I dont think, and I also dont think you can hack anything with JUST commands but if you are honestly interested in hacking i recommend learning some basic coding and using an IDE like VSCode and using a program which will hide your identity and whatnot such as TOR or I2P, both of those work very well but when using them especially for things like hacking you should have some sort of VPN but all of the best ones cost money, the two best free VPN services in my opinion are Hotspot shield VPN free version and Orbot. Select, Enter a preferred username, which must start with a lowercase character or underscore, select the, Launch Terminal, right-click the app icon on the Shelf, and select, Scroll to the Background category to use a different color or image as the Terminal background. just be careful when messing with this kind of stuff and make sure you really know what youre doing before you start messing around, when i was in middle school i thought itd be funny to to put the computer into developer mode and use Ubuntu to access TOR and get on the deep web, which i did, and i ended up getting in some really serious trouble, nothing terrible just an expulsion for 90 days. You can actually make the keyword anything you want restart, SOS, someonesaveme, or maybe even oogaboogaheyhey, if you happen to be insane and/or a tech-savvy dolphin who says things like "oogaboogaheyhey." So, we have only listed commands that work with the latest Chrome OS build. You can open multiple Terminal tabs to run different commands individually without one affecting the other. DONT MESS WITH CROSH!!! Tap the plus (+) icon or right-click the active tab and select the New tab to the right. However, as a writer who edits images daily, I find myself on these websites only to be annoyed with constant pop-ups, forced [], In March earlier this year, Garmin launched its Instinct 2 smartwatch series in India. dis relly woks!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!