This is not unlike Pauls recommendation of Timothy to the church in Corinth, given in 1 Corinthians 16:10-11,[7] in that Paul wanted the churches to welcome Phoebe and welcome Timothy, recognise them as ministers, and hold them in high regard. Kienzle, Beverly Mayne, and Pamela J. Walker, eds. Jesus himself provided the example of one who serves (ho diakonn) (Luke 22:27). [2] An exception is in Romans 13:4 where Paul refers to a government minister as a diakonos. 12:7); Corinthian Christians (1 Cor. 15:25; 2 Cor. ANGLICAN 10 percent Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1998. Woman in the Christian Church. Retrieved June 21, 2022 from Encyclopedia.com: https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/phoebe-cenchreae-fl-1st-c. Encyclopedia.com gives you the ability to cite reference entries and articles according to common styles from the Modern Language Association (MLA), The Chicago Manual of Style, and the American Psychological Association (APA). Romans 16:1 I commend to you Phoebe, our sister, who is a servant of the assembly that is at Cenchreae. But in recent decades women in the vanguard of reform within the Christian world have adopted her as the patron founder of the modern-day deaconess movement, which is part of their larger struggle for full gender equality. Despite not having first-hand knowledge of the church in Rome, Paul is already acquainted with some of their ministers, both men and women, and sends them greetings in his letter (Rom. Believing Wives and Female Co-workers of the Apostles /c/corinthians.htm - 77k, First (4693 Occurrences) 1. In addition to the MLA, Chicago, and APA styles, your school, university, publication, or institution may have its own requirements for citations. Farmer and Mary Ellen Ross, eds., Embodied Love: Sensuality and Relationship as Feminist Values. Thank you for this topic!!
[2] These diakonoi includePaul himself (Rom. I am really waiting for this to know the ministry of Phoebe! Rather as you suggest it is indicative of people devoted to do Gods work who have an anointing in the Lord to do so. Diakonos Phoebe "Phoebe: Role Model for Leaders," in Daughters of Sarah. 3:7), or of a specific churcha church being a sacred community (Rom. Geburtstag dargebracht von Kollegen und Schlern. It has a subscript (highlighted) that reads. 16:23; Titus in 2 Cor. October 1988, pp. There has been some doubt about whether Phoebe was an officially ordained deacon, as the office of deacon may have developed after Paul wrote his letter to the Romans. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. (Root in WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS NAS NIV), (Root in WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS NIV). Port of Cenchrea with view toward the northern breakwater. Paul also asked the Romans to receive [Phoebe] in the Lord. The verb used here is prosdechomai and is commonly employed in diplomatic correspondence for receiving a messenger.[8] The same verb occurs in Philippians 2:29 where Paul asks the church in Philippi to receive Epaphroditus. He was probably entertained at her home, and his vow seems to point to a deliverance from severe danger or illness in which she may have attended him (Acts 18:18). Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. 1st c.) As ever, succinct and empowering exegesis. [13] However, this association of diakone and women is also evident within the New Testament. Vol. Jesus Teaching on Leadership and Community in Matthews Gospel Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Her feast day is September 3. 401409. 12, 1990, pp. Part 3: Phoebes role in Pauls mission to Spain 141154. (Romans 16:1-2NAU). Diakon Words in Major Lexicons (My observations of a male and female diaconate in the NT are not exactly the same as his.) She was probably the bearer of Paul's epistle to the Romans. This letter he addresses not only to the church in Corinth, but also to the saints in all Achaia, ie, in Athens, Cenchrea, and other cities in Greece. 1. Helping others materially may well have been one role of diakonoi (i.e. ." They are very useful to me! OTHER PROTESTANT 5 percent 5557. No. The photo was shared on Twitter @Garrick_V_Allen. Phoebes hometown of Cenchrea was a major port city located on the eastern side of the Corinthian Isthmus and two hours walking distance from the city of Corinth. Patterson, Dorothy, general ed. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. 14. [9] Thus, Paul describes Phoebe as our sister, a diakonos, and a prostatis. ." The Lady was a Bishop: The Hidden History of Women with Clerical Ordination and the Jurisdiction of Bishops. Moreover, English translations that incorrectly render the word diakonos as deaconess give the inaccurate impression that Paul is drawing a distinction of roles based on gender. Here according to Acts 18:18, Paul had his hair shorn before sailing for Syria, since he had a vow. (Phoebes role as a prostatis will be discussed in part 5.). Finger, Reta Halteman. 2:13;Apphia in Phlm. NY: Crossroad, 1985. . EVANGELICAL 25 percent As such, several diakonoi are described as being adiakonos of Christ (1 Tim. 46, no. In the Gospels, many women (pollai) from Galilee travelled with Jesus and were ministering or providing (dikonoun) for him and his disciples out of their own means (Luke 8:2-3). The plural about women deacons is in the genitive here: peri diakonn gunaikn. 3:5; Eph. [10] Lynn Cohick notes, As a sister in the household of God, Phoebe would be expected to use her resources to better the lives of her brothers and sisters. Women in the World of the Earliest Christians, 304. Paul was well acquainted with the Christians in the Ephesian church. [13] Hermann W. Beyer, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, Volume 2, Gerhard Kittel (ed. (LogOut/ (LogOut/ Cenchrea would have been one of the unnamed churches in the whole of Achaia (2 Corinthians 1:1). Paul used it for people who were agents with some kind of sacred commission. (A consensus among scholars is that Paul wrote to the Romans from Corinth in the winter of 56-57.) [with a] specialized and ongoing ministry And he suggests that the main reason for recording Tabithas story is that Luke wishes to reveal how a woman functioned as a deaconess, a very generous supporter of widows.[14] Tabitha, however, is never referred to with any diakon- words in Acts, so she may not have been recognised as a deacon in her church.
MarchApril 1988, pp. Paul manages to convey quite a bit of information about Phoebe in Romans 16:1-2. Cenchrea is located a few miles east of Corinth on the Saronic Gulf, an arm of the Aegean Sea. Vol. Flourished in the 1st century; lived in the Greek port city of Cenchreae. Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven: Women, Sexuality, and the Catholic Church. In recent decades, a growing number of scholars have produced significant arguments for the case that Phoebe was a woman of wealth and influence within her community. The other port, on the western side of the isthmus, was Lechaeum. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. 12. You can support my work for as little as $3 USD a month. The heading for the entry of diakonos in BDAG is given with both a masculine and a feminine article indicating common gender: , , , . Walter Bauer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other Early Literature, 3rd ed. Just recently I heard an elder pray for someone in such a way as to suggest that because he was an elder and came in that authority, God would hear his prayer. 12:5); Christians in general (Eph. (Mohr Siebeck; Google Books). Paul likely met her in Corinth on his second missionary trip, and in some way she had been of special help to him. (See also endnote 5 in Part 3.). Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. [7] Elizabeth Schssler Fiorenza, Missionaries, Apostles, Coworkers: Romans 16 and the Reconstruction of Womens Early Christian History, Word & World 6/4 (1986), 423.
V. Gilbert and Arlisle F. Beers (Source: Visual Bible Alive) Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. M, DEACONESS Jesus had many female followers many! [] . Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. 8:15; John 12:2). Clement was referring to 1 Timothy 3:11. In chapter 16 of the third-century Didascalia Aspostolorum, Mary Magdalene, Mary the daughter of James and mother of Joseph, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee, and other women besides are referred to, anachronistically, as women deacons (cf. The fact that Phoebe was entrusted with Paul's letter, which concerned how God justifies (frees from the penalty of sin) believers through faith, not works, and how Christ died for both Jews and Gentiles, makes a compelling case for her serving within the church in a position of high status, as a member of the ministry as a deaconess. Commenting on biblical studies, archaeology, travel and photography, Cenchrea a port used by Paul andPhoebe, Prof. Ehud Netzer critically injured atHerodium, Acts 18 Paul In Corinth | Bob's boy's Christianity blog, Mount Hermon: Highest Named Mountain in the BibleLands.
9,1-18,22), Charmides and The Sphinx: Wilde's engagement with Keats.
Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. 41, no. Whitehead. revised by Frederick Danker (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2000), 230-231. LSJ acknowledges that diakonos is grammatically feminine in Romans 16:1. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. (LogOut/ Keyes, The Greek Letter of Introduction, American Journal of Philology 56 (1935), 28-48; and John L. White, Light From Ancient Letters, Foundations and Facets: New Testament, Robert W. Funk (ed) (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986), 186-220. Your email address will not be published. It seems he had it backwards. But we all ignored this and continued to pray as God led. . https://margmowczko.com/category/priscilla/, Hi Marg, 142161. This terminology is borrowed from chapter 16 of the earlier Didascalia Apostolorum. Yet in the former of the two passages to which I have alluded (1 Tim. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. This article is adapted from chapter four entitled Phoebe and the Ministry of Women, of a research paper submitted on the 6th of November 2014 on The Roles of Diakonoi, Male and Female, in the Apostolic and Post-Apostolic Church (c. 40-120) with Special Reference to Phoebe of Cenchrea. The bibliography is here. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Jesus of Nazareth did not leave specific instructions about how he wanted his followers to be organised. "Die Funktionen der Phbe (Rm 16, 1f) in der Gemeinde von Kenchreai," in Friedrich V. Reiterer and Petrus Eder, eds., Liebe zum Wort: Beitrge zur klassischen und biblischen Philologie, P. Ludger Bernhard OSB zum 80. H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, and H. S. Jones,A Greek-English Lexicon,9th ed. I believe that Paul has done this well. Encyclopedia.com. 81, no. Susan Mathew, Women in the Greetings of Rom 16:1-16: A Study of Mutuality and Womens Ministry in the Letter to the Romans (Durham University: Durham E-Theses, 2010), 110. Thus, they are to be recognized for their service and commitment. Jesus commissioned his followers to be servants rather than masters or rulers (e.g., Mark 10:42-44, Luke 22:24-27, John 13:3-15). Like many of the women in the Pauline letters, Paul does not identify Phoebe by her patriarchal or family status; rather, he uses three descriptive titles that are related to her ecclesial status and functions.
[6] Paul commended Phoebe to a church he had not founded and not yet visited. Though this service seems to have involved serving a meal. (Acts 18:18NAU). https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/279177?&bookid=659&location=1090, Your email address will not be published. To [the] Romans, written from Corinth, via Phoebe the Deacon. A New Phoebe: Perspectives on Roman Catholic Women and the Permanent Diaconate. [3] Susan Mathew comments on the use of diakone and diakonia in the Pauline epistles: The verb diakone is used in relation to Paul himself (Rom. Corinth in 55 AD: When, in the course of his 2nd missionary journey, Paul left Athens (Acts 18:1), he sailed westward to Cenchrea, and entered Corinth "in /f/first.htm - 101k, Nazarite (8 Occurrences) ceremony was completed. Thank you again. African Orthodox Church, Inc 3549. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 398. My novel is a historical fiction piece called A Wretched Man, a novel of Paul the apostle. Cenchrea was the home of Phoebe, who was a servant of the church there. In the first two verses of Romans 16, Paul introduces Phoebe to the church in Rome[6] and he gives her a warm recommendation.
It includes himself (Rom. "Phoebe of Cenchreae (fl. [3] He also referred to a woman, Phoebe, as a diakonos in Romans 16:1-2. That is, the word has common gender, and is grammatically masculine or feminine depending on context. 2 Cor. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/phoebe-cenchreae-fl-1st-c, "Phoebe of Cenchreae (fl. December 1999, pp. Others he may have known by reputation. Acts 18:18 Paul, having stayed after this many more days, took his leave of the brothers, and sailed from there for Syria, together with Priscilla and Aquila. American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church May I ask about the ancient Corinth map jurisdiction. 3:5, 4:1). [11]Joan Cecelia Campbell,Phoebe: Patron and Emissary(Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2009), 25. As I read my [Greek] New Testament, the female diaconate is as definite an institution in the Apostolic Church as the male diaconate. [14] Ben Witherington III, Women in the Earliest Churches (Cambridge University Press, 1989), 150-151. In the time of the Apostle Paul Cenchrea was considered the eastern port of Corinth. Salzburg: Otto Mller, 1993, pp. A slightly different word again, the plural of diakon, is used in AC 8.13.4 (hai diakonai). Early Christian patron and leader who delivered St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans to the church at Rome c. 57 ce and is increasingly seen by scholars as having played a crucial role in creating the position of deaconess in the early church. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964), 82. 27:55-56). He had met some of these ministers when his and their journeys intersected (e.g.,Priscilla and Aquila, Andronicus and Junia). Her important role in early Christian history has been retained in the traditions of many Orthodox churches of Eastern Europe in a Troparion (a short hymn celebrating a saint or an important event which is used in the daily office and liturgy): Arichea, Daniel C., Jr. "Who Was Phoebe? NY: Doubleday, 1990.
[2] These diakonoi includePaul himself (Rom. I am really waiting for this to know the ministry of Phoebe! Rather as you suggest it is indicative of people devoted to do Gods work who have an anointing in the Lord to do so. Diakonos Phoebe "Phoebe: Role Model for Leaders," in Daughters of Sarah. 3:7), or of a specific churcha church being a sacred community (Rom. Geburtstag dargebracht von Kollegen und Schlern. It has a subscript (highlighted) that reads. 16:23; Titus in 2 Cor. October 1988, pp. There has been some doubt about whether Phoebe was an officially ordained deacon, as the office of deacon may have developed after Paul wrote his letter to the Romans. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. (Root in WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS NAS NIV), (Root in WEB KJV WEY ASV BBE DBY WBS YLT NAS NIV). Port of Cenchrea with view toward the northern breakwater. Paul also asked the Romans to receive [Phoebe] in the Lord. The verb used here is prosdechomai and is commonly employed in diplomatic correspondence for receiving a messenger.[8] The same verb occurs in Philippians 2:29 where Paul asks the church in Philippi to receive Epaphroditus. He was probably entertained at her home, and his vow seems to point to a deliverance from severe danger or illness in which she may have attended him (Acts 18:18). Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. 1st c.) As ever, succinct and empowering exegesis. [13] However, this association of diakone and women is also evident within the New Testament. Vol. Jesus Teaching on Leadership and Community in Matthews Gospel Refer to each styles convention regarding the best way to format page numbers and retrieval dates. Her feast day is September 3. 401409. 12, 1990, pp. Part 3: Phoebes role in Pauls mission to Spain 141154. (Romans 16:1-2NAU). Diakon Words in Major Lexicons (My observations of a male and female diaconate in the NT are not exactly the same as his.) She was probably the bearer of Paul's epistle to the Romans. This letter he addresses not only to the church in Corinth, but also to the saints in all Achaia, ie, in Athens, Cenchrea, and other cities in Greece. 1. Helping others materially may well have been one role of diakonoi (i.e. ." They are very useful to me! OTHER PROTESTANT 5 percent 5557. No. The photo was shared on Twitter @Garrick_V_Allen. Phoebes hometown of Cenchrea was a major port city located on the eastern side of the Corinthian Isthmus and two hours walking distance from the city of Corinth. Patterson, Dorothy, general ed. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. 14. [9] Thus, Paul describes Phoebe as our sister, a diakonos, and a prostatis. ." The Lady was a Bishop: The Hidden History of Women with Clerical Ordination and the Jurisdiction of Bishops. Moreover, English translations that incorrectly render the word diakonos as deaconess give the inaccurate impression that Paul is drawing a distinction of roles based on gender. Here according to Acts 18:18, Paul had his hair shorn before sailing for Syria, since he had a vow. (Phoebes role as a prostatis will be discussed in part 5.). Finger, Reta Halteman. 2:13;Apphia in Phlm. NY: Crossroad, 1985. . EVANGELICAL 25 percent As such, several diakonoi are described as being adiakonos of Christ (1 Tim. 46, no. In the Gospels, many women (pollai) from Galilee travelled with Jesus and were ministering or providing (dikonoun) for him and his disciples out of their own means (Luke 8:2-3). The plural about women deacons is in the genitive here: peri diakonn gunaikn. 3:5; Eph. [10] Lynn Cohick notes, As a sister in the household of God, Phoebe would be expected to use her resources to better the lives of her brothers and sisters. Women in the World of the Earliest Christians, 304. Paul was well acquainted with the Christians in the Ephesian church. [13] Hermann W. Beyer, Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, Volume 2, Gerhard Kittel (ed. (LogOut/ (LogOut/ Cenchrea would have been one of the unnamed churches in the whole of Achaia (2 Corinthians 1:1). Paul used it for people who were agents with some kind of sacred commission. (A consensus among scholars is that Paul wrote to the Romans from Corinth in the winter of 56-57.) [with a] specialized and ongoing ministry And he suggests that the main reason for recording Tabithas story is that Luke wishes to reveal how a woman functioned as a deaconess, a very generous supporter of widows.[14] Tabitha, however, is never referred to with any diakon- words in Acts, so she may not have been recognised as a deacon in her church.
MarchApril 1988, pp. Paul manages to convey quite a bit of information about Phoebe in Romans 16:1-2. Cenchrea is located a few miles east of Corinth on the Saronic Gulf, an arm of the Aegean Sea. Vol. Flourished in the 1st century; lived in the Greek port city of Cenchreae. Eunuchs for the Kingdom of Heaven: Women, Sexuality, and the Catholic Church. In recent decades, a growing number of scholars have produced significant arguments for the case that Phoebe was a woman of wealth and influence within her community. The other port, on the western side of the isthmus, was Lechaeum. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. 12. You can support my work for as little as $3 USD a month. The heading for the entry of diakonos in BDAG is given with both a masculine and a feminine article indicating common gender: , , , . Walter Bauer, A Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament and other Early Literature, 3rd ed. Just recently I heard an elder pray for someone in such a way as to suggest that because he was an elder and came in that authority, God would hear his prayer. 12:5); Christians in general (Eph. (Mohr Siebeck; Google Books). Paul likely met her in Corinth on his second missionary trip, and in some way she had been of special help to him. (See also endnote 5 in Part 3.). Because each style has its own formatting nuances that evolve over time and not all information is available for every reference entry or article, Encyclopedia.com cannot guarantee each citation it generates. [7] Elizabeth Schssler Fiorenza, Missionaries, Apostles, Coworkers: Romans 16 and the Reconstruction of Womens Early Christian History, Word & World 6/4 (1986), 423.
V. Gilbert and Arlisle F. Beers (Source: Visual Bible Alive) Enter your email address to subscribe to this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. M, DEACONESS Jesus had many female followers many! [] . Therefore, that information is unavailable for most Encyclopedia.com content. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. 8:15; John 12:2). Clement was referring to 1 Timothy 3:11. In chapter 16 of the third-century Didascalia Aspostolorum, Mary Magdalene, Mary the daughter of James and mother of Joseph, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee, and other women besides are referred to, anachronistically, as women deacons (cf. The fact that Phoebe was entrusted with Paul's letter, which concerned how God justifies (frees from the penalty of sin) believers through faith, not works, and how Christ died for both Jews and Gentiles, makes a compelling case for her serving within the church in a position of high status, as a member of the ministry as a deaconess. Commenting on biblical studies, archaeology, travel and photography, Cenchrea a port used by Paul andPhoebe, Prof. Ehud Netzer critically injured atHerodium, Acts 18 Paul In Corinth | Bob's boy's Christianity blog, Mount Hermon: Highest Named Mountain in the BibleLands.
9,1-18,22), Charmides and The Sphinx: Wilde's engagement with Keats.
Then, copy and paste the text into your bibliography or works cited list. 41, no. Whitehead. revised by Frederick Danker (Chicago: Chicago University Press, 2000), 230-231. LSJ acknowledges that diakonos is grammatically feminine in Romans 16:1. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. (LogOut/ Keyes, The Greek Letter of Introduction, American Journal of Philology 56 (1935), 28-48; and John L. White, Light From Ancient Letters, Foundations and Facets: New Testament, Robert W. Funk (ed) (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986), 186-220. Your email address will not be published. It seems he had it backwards. But we all ignored this and continued to pray as God led. . https://margmowczko.com/category/priscilla/, Hi Marg, 142161. This terminology is borrowed from chapter 16 of the earlier Didascalia Apostolorum. Yet in the former of the two passages to which I have alluded (1 Tim. Change), You are commenting using your Twitter account. This article is adapted from chapter four entitled Phoebe and the Ministry of Women, of a research paper submitted on the 6th of November 2014 on The Roles of Diakonoi, Male and Female, in the Apostolic and Post-Apostolic Church (c. 40-120) with Special Reference to Phoebe of Cenchrea. The bibliography is here. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Jesus of Nazareth did not leave specific instructions about how he wanted his followers to be organised. "Die Funktionen der Phbe (Rm 16, 1f) in der Gemeinde von Kenchreai," in Friedrich V. Reiterer and Petrus Eder, eds., Liebe zum Wort: Beitrge zur klassischen und biblischen Philologie, P. Ludger Bernhard OSB zum 80. H. G. Liddell, R. Scott, and H. S. Jones,A Greek-English Lexicon,9th ed. I believe that Paul has done this well. Encyclopedia.com. 81, no. Susan Mathew, Women in the Greetings of Rom 16:1-16: A Study of Mutuality and Womens Ministry in the Letter to the Romans (Durham University: Durham E-Theses, 2010), 110. Thus, they are to be recognized for their service and commitment. Jesus commissioned his followers to be servants rather than masters or rulers (e.g., Mark 10:42-44, Luke 22:24-27, John 13:3-15). Like many of the women in the Pauline letters, Paul does not identify Phoebe by her patriarchal or family status; rather, he uses three descriptive titles that are related to her ecclesial status and functions.
[6] Paul commended Phoebe to a church he had not founded and not yet visited. Though this service seems to have involved serving a meal. (Acts 18:18NAU). https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/279177?&bookid=659&location=1090, Your email address will not be published. To [the] Romans, written from Corinth, via Phoebe the Deacon. A New Phoebe: Perspectives on Roman Catholic Women and the Permanent Diaconate. [3] Susan Mathew comments on the use of diakone and diakonia in the Pauline epistles: The verb diakone is used in relation to Paul himself (Rom. Corinth in 55 AD: When, in the course of his 2nd missionary journey, Paul left Athens (Acts 18:1), he sailed westward to Cenchrea, and entered Corinth "in /f/first.htm - 101k, Nazarite (8 Occurrences) ceremony was completed. Thank you again. African Orthodox Church, Inc 3549. Women in World History: A Biographical Encyclopedia. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), 398. My novel is a historical fiction piece called A Wretched Man, a novel of Paul the apostle. Cenchrea was the home of Phoebe, who was a servant of the church there. In the first two verses of Romans 16, Paul introduces Phoebe to the church in Rome[6] and he gives her a warm recommendation.
It includes himself (Rom. "Phoebe of Cenchreae (fl. [3] He also referred to a woman, Phoebe, as a diakonos in Romans 16:1-2. That is, the word has common gender, and is grammatically masculine or feminine depending on context. 2 Cor. https://www.encyclopedia.com/women/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/phoebe-cenchreae-fl-1st-c, "Phoebe of Cenchreae (fl. December 1999, pp. Others he may have known by reputation. Acts 18:18 Paul, having stayed after this many more days, took his leave of the brothers, and sailed from there for Syria, together with Priscilla and Aquila. American Carpatho-Russian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church May I ask about the ancient Corinth map jurisdiction. 3:5, 4:1). [11]Joan Cecelia Campbell,Phoebe: Patron and Emissary(Collegeville, MN: Liturgical Press, 2009), 25. As I read my [Greek] New Testament, the female diaconate is as definite an institution in the Apostolic Church as the male diaconate. [14] Ben Witherington III, Women in the Earliest Churches (Cambridge University Press, 1989), 150-151. In the time of the Apostle Paul Cenchrea was considered the eastern port of Corinth. Salzburg: Otto Mller, 1993, pp. A slightly different word again, the plural of diakon, is used in AC 8.13.4 (hai diakonai). Early Christian patron and leader who delivered St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans to the church at Rome c. 57 ce and is increasingly seen by scholars as having played a crucial role in creating the position of deaconess in the early church. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1964), 82. 27:55-56). He had met some of these ministers when his and their journeys intersected (e.g.,Priscilla and Aquila, Andronicus and Junia). Her important role in early Christian history has been retained in the traditions of many Orthodox churches of Eastern Europe in a Troparion (a short hymn celebrating a saint or an important event which is used in the daily office and liturgy): Arichea, Daniel C., Jr. "Who Was Phoebe? NY: Doubleday, 1990.