The event kicked off a major urban redevelopment push which attracted newcomers to the city. In Lombardy, Sacro Monte del Rosario di Varese and Sacro Monte della Beata Vergine del Soccorso, built in the early to mid-17th century, mark the architectural transition from the late Renaissance to the Baroque style. [85], The unemployment rate stood at 5.0% in 2020. The many examples range from prehistory to the present day, through the Roman period and the Renaissance and can be found both in museums and churches that enrich cities and towns around the region. The site is listed because of the complex railway engineering (tunnels, viaducts and avalanche galleries) necessary to take the narrow-gauge railway across the main chain of the Alps. Gemma Tarafa, the city councillor in charge of public health, said noise pollution could worsen cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, and that at least 300 cases of ischemic heart disease were directly attributable to the phenomenon. IUCN Global Standard for Nature-based Solutions, The Nature-Based Solutions Business Model Canvas, De Connecting Nature Impact Summit Genk 2022, Lanzamiento del Hub Espaol de UrbanByNature en el evento de A Corua - Noviembre 2021, City of A Corua spearheads new UrbanByNature hub to make nature flourish in Spain, The Vital Role of NBS in a Nature Positive Economy, Pitch Battle - Transforming Cities A Corua May 2018, Meet us at the forest - Nicosia Connecting Nature Public Event, Nicosia Photography Contest 2018 - Nature can give to our cities the answers we are looking for!, Connecting Nature Webinar & Community Workshop Series, Prioritized Action Framework for Natura 2000, 2016, European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, D.G.R. Between the middle of the 15th century and the battle of Marignano in 1515, the northern part of east Lombardy from Airolo to Chiasso (modern Ticino), and the Valtellina valley came under possession of the old Swiss Confederacy. ", Storrs, Christopher. The total annual amount for the ordinary maintenance of public green spaces is EUR 17.5 million (EUR 1.01 per m2 per year) while extraordinary maintenance (e.g. Green urban areas provide Milan with important ecosystem services while Green Rays and Green Belts are meant to connect the green areas using pedestrian/cycling green roads. Ive banged on a fair bit about trees in this newsletter, but forgive me one more arboreal entry: This interesting KU Leuven study finds exposure to urban trees has a hugely positive impact on respiration, cardiovascular health and sleep. The OpenNESS project assessed the effectiveness of the expected impacts in sampling campaigns performed during three rain events in different climatic conditions (Masi F. at al., 2017): On-site treatment by CW (Constructed Wetlands) allows continuous treatment and therefore higher pollutant mass removal compared to first flush storage tanks and treatment of the stored wastewater in the main WWTP (Waste Water Treatment Plants) in the days after the end of the rain event; The Gorla CSO-CW guarantees satisfactorily ecological services in terms of flood protection and water quality and the discharged effluents comply with the European limits for discharge in rivers and fresh water bodies, with removal rates of about 90% for COD and NH4+ in terms of concentrations and mass loads of 68 % and 94 % respectively in one year; A continuous in-line treatment (CWs or other natural solutions) has proven to be preferable to the first flush accumulation-treatment such as first flush storage tanks alone, especially if the secondary ecosystem services can work properly as boosting agents for the diffused and wide implementation of these systems in urbanised areas. KILLING ME LOUDLY: New data from Barcelonas Agency for Public Health shows that noise pollution is responsible for at least 30 deaths in the city every year, with noise being the second most damaging environmental factor in the lives of local residents. Conceived by her liberal Ciudadanos party, the project has since received public backing from parties across the political spectrum, including Madrid Mayor Jos Luis Martnez-Almeidas conservative Popular Party (PP), which ran on a platform to get rid of Madrids low-emissions zone. It also manages the relationship between the city and local farming communities. Other big teams of the region are Brescia Calcio, A.C. Monza and U.S. Cremonese (playing in the 2020-21 Serie B) and Calcio Lecco 1912, U.C. Villacs said she felt a responsibility to take action that will be good for the city in the long-term, no matter what, and said she was confident the project would survive political fluctuations. "Cooperating in time of crisis: war, commons, and inequality in Renaissance Lombardy. [80], Leonardo Electronics Division in Nerviano designs and develops airborne radar and computers, space equipment.[72]. This article by our friends at Bloomberg CityLab examines how the employees at a Wall Street investment firm adapted to their relocation from Manhattan to the much cheaper city of Nashville; Ill be curious to see what impact the move has on the areas real estate prices and if any European firms will ditch London and Frankfurt for Norwich and Augsburg. Later, starting from the 5th century BC, the area was invaded by more Celtic Gallic tribes coming from north of the Alps. A study on Urban Gardeners Motivations (Ruggeri G et al., 2016) has shown, in interviews of different categories of residents, that in Milan most of the respondents want healthier food and personal wellness, and that is what motivates them to practice urban gardening in the city. According to its data, 210,000 of the citys residents suffer intense emotional, psychological or social discomfort related to urban noise and over 60,000 suffer from chronic sleep problems related to their exposure to traffic-related noise. Reducing soil consumption is also a major challenge for Milan. Fossils include reptiles, fish and crustaceans and also some insects. The plains are often subject to the presence of fog during the coldest months.[11]. The opposition Italian Communist Party was a considerable presence only in southern Lombardy and in the working class districts of Milan; their base, however, was increasingly eroded by the rival centrist Italian Socialist Party, until eventually the Mani Pulite corruption scandal (which spread from Milan to the whole of Italy) wiped away the old political class and parties almost entirely. Part of this effort consists in cleaning up those abandoned spaces and transforming them into woodland, which is a clear plus in terms of quality of life for locals.. Pestilences (like that of 1628/1630[17] described by Alessandro Manzoni in his I Promessi Sposi) and the generally declining conditions of Italy's economy in the 17th and 18th centuries halted the further development of Lombardy. Milan and Mantua became two centres of the Renaissance whose culture, with men such as Leonardo da Vinci and Mantegna, and works of art (e.g.
incentives for soil testing services for gardeners, the development of a real-time soil quality map of the city or the study of potential pollutant sources near the gardens. Total accommodation establishments. The plan provides guidelines to the different municipalities for the management and creation of ecosystems and outlines the funding mechanisms. To ensure the protection of biodiversity, some areas have been dedicated to rebuilding ecosystems and reintroducing fauna species that are becoming rarer (such as the Lombard Spadefoot toad, the Lataste's frog, the swamp turtle and the river prawn). It is bordered by Switzerland (north: Canton Ticino and Canton Graubnden) and by the Italian regions of Trentino-Alto Adige/Sdtirol and Veneto (east), Emilia-Romagna (south), and Piedmont (west). The former Lombard dukes and nobles were replaced by other German vassals, prince-bishops or marquises.
[16] The end of Lombard rule came in 774, when the Frankish king Charlemagne conquered Pavia, deposed Desiderius, the last Lombard king, and annexed the Kingdom of Italy (mostly northern and central present-day Italy) to his newly established Holy Roman Empire. Lombardy is home of very intensive animal breading and is leading in dairy cows (36%) and pigs (50%) heritage. HOW (ENERGY) POOR IS MY CITY? The metropolitan area of Milan is the largest in the country, and is among the largest in the European Union. In the 202021 LBA season 5 teams out of 15 are from Lombardy (Olimpia Milano, Pallacanestro Brescia, Pallacanestro Varese, Pallacanestro Cant, Guerino Vanoli Basket). The population is highly concentrated in the Milan metropolitan area (2,029 inh./km2) and the Alpine foothills that compose the southern section of the provinces of Varese, Como, Lecco, Monza and Brianza and Bergamo, (1,200 inh./km2). When annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1859 Lombardy achieved its present-day territorial shape by adding the Oltrep Pavese (formerly the southern part of Novara's Province) to the province of Pavia. The renovation of neighborhoods and influx of new people was a positive development, she said, but the problem came when that regeneration excludes people in weaker economic and social circumstances., Bosco Verticale residential towers in Porta Nuova, Milan | Aitor Hernndez-Morales for POLITICO. The Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy are a group of nine sites in northwest Italy, of which two are in Lombardy. The green infrastructure therefore addresses the issue of pollution and flood control (OpenNESS, 2016). Over 1000 active farmers are involved. Besides Milan, the region of Lombardy has 11 other provinces, most of them with equally great musical traditions. [69], Lingerie industrial district of Val Camonica. In March 2019, the European Space Agency (ESA)[88] published images took from their satellites. Its Thursday, city lovers, and its time for another edition of POLITICOs Living Cities newsletter. In the following centuries it was inhabited by different peoples, among whom were the Etruscans, who founded the city of Mantua and spread the use of writing. The Rock Drawings in Valcamonica date back to a period between 8000BC and 1000BC, covering prehistoric periods from the Epipaleolithic/Mesolithic to the Iron Age. In the area of the foothills lakes, however, grow olive trees, cypresses and larches, as well as varieties of subtropical flora such as magnolias, azaleas, acacias. The results were analysed with econometric models. The UNESCO site of Brescia also includes the remains of its Roman forum, the best-preserved in Northern Italy.[98][99].
(2016) have shown that increasing and optimising single components of park structures can improve the cooling effect of urban parks in Milan (See, Water flow regulation and run off mitigation, Regulation of air quality by urban trees and forests, Increase accessibility to green open spaces, Increase quality and quantity of green and blue infrastructures, Reducing temperature at meso or micro scale, Increase stakeholder awareness & knowledge about NBS, Social learning about location & importance of NBS, Greater ecological connectivity across urban regenerated sites, Increased cultural richness and biodiversity, Creation of green jobs relating to construction & maintenance of NBS, Increase population & infrastructures protected by NBS. The genes of the Lombards became quickly diluted into the Italian population owing to their relatively small number and their geographic dispersal to rule and administer their kingdom. Bergamo is famous for being the birthplace of Gaetano Donizetti and home of the Teatro Donizetti; Brescia hosts the impressive 1709 Teatro Grande; Cremona is regarded as the birthplace of the commonly used violin and is home to several of the most prestigious luthiers in the world; and Mantua was one of the founding and most important cities in 16th- and 17th-century opera and classical music. The most common trees are elm, alder, sycamore, poplar, willow and hornbeam. In Milan there are several initiatives in which local stakeholders have participated according to the objectives of the public authorities, such as BoscoinCitt Park and Cesano Maderno Oasis. The most famous sport in Lombardy, as in all Italy, is football. European Conference (2014) Debrief Renaturing Cities: Systemic Urban Governance for Social Cohesion. We want to recover a bit of that because green spaces are essential for the environment, fighting climate change and providing spaces that are good for citizens physical and mental health., The Metropolitan Forest in its early stages in Villaverde | City of Madrid, Social justice: Residents of working-class neighborhoods in the southern part of Madrid have not enjoyed the same easy access to green spaces as their neighbors in the city center or in northern districts. Allotment gardens in Milan are mainly plots on public and municipal-owned land, exclusively intended for growing fruit and vegetables for private consumption.
The city of Milan supports partnership with private or semi-private companies for the maintenance of its green areas. But there is production of light trucks Iveco Daily in Suzzara[76] and medium-duty trucks Iveco EuroCargo in Brescia. The numerous lakes of Lombardy, all of glacial origin, lie in the northern highlands. Metropolitan Milan is administered by ESRAF (Ente Regionale per i Servizi allAgricoltura e alle Foreste) in conjunction with the regional government of Lombardy and surrounding cities to ensure an integrated development process. During and after the fall of the Western Empire, Lombardy suffered heavily from destruction brought about by a series of invasions by tribal peoples. The results of this investigation illustrate the importance of conducting future in-depth analyses of rural-urban or built-up park transects. In late antiquity the strategic role of Lombardy was emphasised by the temporary moving of the capital of the Western Empire to Mediolanum (Milan). The town and its waterpark help to improve the quality of the area's water and to better regulate the flow of water. The amount funded per project ranged from EUR 450000 to a maximum of EUR 750000. [100] Among typical regional desserts is Nocciolini di Canzodry biscuits.
The presence, and development, of a very high number of enterprises belonging to the services sector represents a favourable situation for the improvement of the efficiency of the productive process, as well as for the growth of the regional economy. With its development, implementation and effectiveness, the Gorla water park is a virtuous example of a nature-based solution. This came to a decisive end when Lombardy was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy 1859 as a result of the Second Italian War of Independence from the Austrian Empire. Common types of pasta include Casoncelli in Brescia and Bergamo and Pizzoccheri in Valtellina. The southern part of the city has been less green because the soil is of lesser quality, but also because empty spaces have been used for illegal dumping and other activities, she said. ", Di Tullio, Matteo. AlbinoLeffe, Como 1907, Aurora Pro Patria 1919, A.C. Renate, A.S. Giana Erminio, S.S.D. The park preserves the landscape and ensures environmental recovery of the areas, connecting town and country and linking outer areas with the urban green system. In conclusion, the study clearly showed that increasing and optimising single components of park structures can improve the cooling effect of urban parks. This has been an opportunity to implement green solutions when regenerating entire districts. We could be talking about Paris Pigalle neighborhood, Warsaws Praga-Pnoc district or Shoreditch in London. [70] Lombardy is home of Leonardo Helicopters Division responsible for ca. THE GENTRIFICATION DILEMMA: Its an urban renewal tale as old as time: After years of neglect, a working-class neighborhood gets spruced up with new public infrastructure or gets partially colonized by creatives drawn by its picturesque decadence. The climate is mainly humid subtropical (Kppen Cfa) especially in the plains, though with significant variations to the Kppen model especially in winter, which in Lombardy is normally long, damp, and rather cold. The Porta Nova project, which includes the Bosco Verticale, is a city plan (2004) to transform the urban neighbourhood (Porta Nova) into a business-residential district implementing green solutions. These people settled in several cities including Milan, and extended their rule to the Adriatic Sea. The primary aim is to protect against flooding but also to keep pollution in check. In 2015 the city of Milan had more than 23.5 km2 of public green areas, which can be translated into 17.31m2 of public green space per inhabitant (Source: City of Milan, 2016). One-sixth of the Italian population or about 10 million people live in Lombardy (16.2% of the national population; 2% of the European Union population). But she worried what might happen after the 2023 elections, when the PP might partner with the far-right Vox party, which has been steadily gaining support in Madrid. The term was also used until around 965 in the form (Longobardia) as the name for the territory roughly covering modern Apulia which the Byzantines had recovered from the Lombard rump Duchy of Benevento. To shed light on how dangerous it is for humans to live in polluted environments, Chicago Energy Policy Institute[89] has recently developed the Air Quality Life Index (AQLI), a system capable of analyzing air pollution worldwide. During this period Lombardy took back Valtellina from Switzerland. The highlands are characterised by the typical vegetation of the whole range of the Italian Alps. Liquete C. et al. The Gorla water park has been developed through a participatory process with public-private sponsorship. [82], Magneti Marelli has headquarters and manufactures automotive electronics in Corbetta. The turnout was a low 38.3%, of which 95.3% voted in favor. More than 60% of the soil is sealed, one of the highest levels in Italy. Ecosystem Services 22 (2016) 392-401. Year 2013", "Italia langobardorum, la rete dei siti Longobardi italiani iscritta nella Lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell'UNESCO", "THE LONGOBARDS IN ITALY. ", Soresina, Marco. A lower average population density (250 inh./km2) is found in the Po valley and the lower Brescia valleys; much lower densities (less than 60 inh./km2) characterise the northern mountain areas and the southern Oltrep Pavese subregion.[22].
incentives for soil testing services for gardeners, the development of a real-time soil quality map of the city or the study of potential pollutant sources near the gardens. Total accommodation establishments. The plan provides guidelines to the different municipalities for the management and creation of ecosystems and outlines the funding mechanisms. To ensure the protection of biodiversity, some areas have been dedicated to rebuilding ecosystems and reintroducing fauna species that are becoming rarer (such as the Lombard Spadefoot toad, the Lataste's frog, the swamp turtle and the river prawn). It is bordered by Switzerland (north: Canton Ticino and Canton Graubnden) and by the Italian regions of Trentino-Alto Adige/Sdtirol and Veneto (east), Emilia-Romagna (south), and Piedmont (west). The former Lombard dukes and nobles were replaced by other German vassals, prince-bishops or marquises.
[16] The end of Lombard rule came in 774, when the Frankish king Charlemagne conquered Pavia, deposed Desiderius, the last Lombard king, and annexed the Kingdom of Italy (mostly northern and central present-day Italy) to his newly established Holy Roman Empire. Lombardy is home of very intensive animal breading and is leading in dairy cows (36%) and pigs (50%) heritage. HOW (ENERGY) POOR IS MY CITY? The metropolitan area of Milan is the largest in the country, and is among the largest in the European Union. In the 202021 LBA season 5 teams out of 15 are from Lombardy (Olimpia Milano, Pallacanestro Brescia, Pallacanestro Varese, Pallacanestro Cant, Guerino Vanoli Basket). The population is highly concentrated in the Milan metropolitan area (2,029 inh./km2) and the Alpine foothills that compose the southern section of the provinces of Varese, Como, Lecco, Monza and Brianza and Bergamo, (1,200 inh./km2). When annexed to the Kingdom of Italy in 1859 Lombardy achieved its present-day territorial shape by adding the Oltrep Pavese (formerly the southern part of Novara's Province) to the province of Pavia. The renovation of neighborhoods and influx of new people was a positive development, she said, but the problem came when that regeneration excludes people in weaker economic and social circumstances., Bosco Verticale residential towers in Porta Nuova, Milan | Aitor Hernndez-Morales for POLITICO. The Sacri Monti of Piedmont and Lombardy are a group of nine sites in northwest Italy, of which two are in Lombardy. The green infrastructure therefore addresses the issue of pollution and flood control (OpenNESS, 2016). Over 1000 active farmers are involved. Besides Milan, the region of Lombardy has 11 other provinces, most of them with equally great musical traditions. [69], Lingerie industrial district of Val Camonica. In March 2019, the European Space Agency (ESA)[88] published images took from their satellites. Its Thursday, city lovers, and its time for another edition of POLITICOs Living Cities newsletter. In the following centuries it was inhabited by different peoples, among whom were the Etruscans, who founded the city of Mantua and spread the use of writing. The Rock Drawings in Valcamonica date back to a period between 8000BC and 1000BC, covering prehistoric periods from the Epipaleolithic/Mesolithic to the Iron Age. In the area of the foothills lakes, however, grow olive trees, cypresses and larches, as well as varieties of subtropical flora such as magnolias, azaleas, acacias. The results were analysed with econometric models. The UNESCO site of Brescia also includes the remains of its Roman forum, the best-preserved in Northern Italy.[98][99].
(2016) have shown that increasing and optimising single components of park structures can improve the cooling effect of urban parks in Milan (See, Water flow regulation and run off mitigation, Regulation of air quality by urban trees and forests, Increase accessibility to green open spaces, Increase quality and quantity of green and blue infrastructures, Reducing temperature at meso or micro scale, Increase stakeholder awareness & knowledge about NBS, Social learning about location & importance of NBS, Greater ecological connectivity across urban regenerated sites, Increased cultural richness and biodiversity, Creation of green jobs relating to construction & maintenance of NBS, Increase population & infrastructures protected by NBS. The genes of the Lombards became quickly diluted into the Italian population owing to their relatively small number and their geographic dispersal to rule and administer their kingdom. Bergamo is famous for being the birthplace of Gaetano Donizetti and home of the Teatro Donizetti; Brescia hosts the impressive 1709 Teatro Grande; Cremona is regarded as the birthplace of the commonly used violin and is home to several of the most prestigious luthiers in the world; and Mantua was one of the founding and most important cities in 16th- and 17th-century opera and classical music. The most common trees are elm, alder, sycamore, poplar, willow and hornbeam. In Milan there are several initiatives in which local stakeholders have participated according to the objectives of the public authorities, such as BoscoinCitt Park and Cesano Maderno Oasis. The most famous sport in Lombardy, as in all Italy, is football. European Conference (2014) Debrief Renaturing Cities: Systemic Urban Governance for Social Cohesion. We want to recover a bit of that because green spaces are essential for the environment, fighting climate change and providing spaces that are good for citizens physical and mental health., The Metropolitan Forest in its early stages in Villaverde | City of Madrid, Social justice: Residents of working-class neighborhoods in the southern part of Madrid have not enjoyed the same easy access to green spaces as their neighbors in the city center or in northern districts. Allotment gardens in Milan are mainly plots on public and municipal-owned land, exclusively intended for growing fruit and vegetables for private consumption.
The city of Milan supports partnership with private or semi-private companies for the maintenance of its green areas. But there is production of light trucks Iveco Daily in Suzzara[76] and medium-duty trucks Iveco EuroCargo in Brescia. The numerous lakes of Lombardy, all of glacial origin, lie in the northern highlands. Metropolitan Milan is administered by ESRAF (Ente Regionale per i Servizi allAgricoltura e alle Foreste) in conjunction with the regional government of Lombardy and surrounding cities to ensure an integrated development process. During and after the fall of the Western Empire, Lombardy suffered heavily from destruction brought about by a series of invasions by tribal peoples. The results of this investigation illustrate the importance of conducting future in-depth analyses of rural-urban or built-up park transects. In late antiquity the strategic role of Lombardy was emphasised by the temporary moving of the capital of the Western Empire to Mediolanum (Milan). The town and its waterpark help to improve the quality of the area's water and to better regulate the flow of water. The amount funded per project ranged from EUR 450000 to a maximum of EUR 750000. [100] Among typical regional desserts is Nocciolini di Canzodry biscuits.
The presence, and development, of a very high number of enterprises belonging to the services sector represents a favourable situation for the improvement of the efficiency of the productive process, as well as for the growth of the regional economy. With its development, implementation and effectiveness, the Gorla water park is a virtuous example of a nature-based solution. This came to a decisive end when Lombardy was annexed to the Kingdom of Italy 1859 as a result of the Second Italian War of Independence from the Austrian Empire. Common types of pasta include Casoncelli in Brescia and Bergamo and Pizzoccheri in Valtellina. The southern part of the city has been less green because the soil is of lesser quality, but also because empty spaces have been used for illegal dumping and other activities, she said. ", Di Tullio, Matteo. AlbinoLeffe, Como 1907, Aurora Pro Patria 1919, A.C. Renate, A.S. Giana Erminio, S.S.D. The park preserves the landscape and ensures environmental recovery of the areas, connecting town and country and linking outer areas with the urban green system. In conclusion, the study clearly showed that increasing and optimising single components of park structures can improve the cooling effect of urban parks. This has been an opportunity to implement green solutions when regenerating entire districts. We could be talking about Paris Pigalle neighborhood, Warsaws Praga-Pnoc district or Shoreditch in London. [70] Lombardy is home of Leonardo Helicopters Division responsible for ca. THE GENTRIFICATION DILEMMA: Its an urban renewal tale as old as time: After years of neglect, a working-class neighborhood gets spruced up with new public infrastructure or gets partially colonized by creatives drawn by its picturesque decadence. The climate is mainly humid subtropical (Kppen Cfa) especially in the plains, though with significant variations to the Kppen model especially in winter, which in Lombardy is normally long, damp, and rather cold. The Porta Nova project, which includes the Bosco Verticale, is a city plan (2004) to transform the urban neighbourhood (Porta Nova) into a business-residential district implementing green solutions. These people settled in several cities including Milan, and extended their rule to the Adriatic Sea. The primary aim is to protect against flooding but also to keep pollution in check. In 2015 the city of Milan had more than 23.5 km2 of public green areas, which can be translated into 17.31m2 of public green space per inhabitant (Source: City of Milan, 2016). One-sixth of the Italian population or about 10 million people live in Lombardy (16.2% of the national population; 2% of the European Union population). But she worried what might happen after the 2023 elections, when the PP might partner with the far-right Vox party, which has been steadily gaining support in Madrid. The term was also used until around 965 in the form (Longobardia) as the name for the territory roughly covering modern Apulia which the Byzantines had recovered from the Lombard rump Duchy of Benevento. To shed light on how dangerous it is for humans to live in polluted environments, Chicago Energy Policy Institute[89] has recently developed the Air Quality Life Index (AQLI), a system capable of analyzing air pollution worldwide. During this period Lombardy took back Valtellina from Switzerland. The highlands are characterised by the typical vegetation of the whole range of the Italian Alps. Liquete C. et al. The Gorla water park has been developed through a participatory process with public-private sponsorship. [82], Magneti Marelli has headquarters and manufactures automotive electronics in Corbetta. The turnout was a low 38.3%, of which 95.3% voted in favor. More than 60% of the soil is sealed, one of the highest levels in Italy. Ecosystem Services 22 (2016) 392-401. Year 2013", "Italia langobardorum, la rete dei siti Longobardi italiani iscritta nella Lista del Patrimonio Mondiale dell'UNESCO", "THE LONGOBARDS IN ITALY. ", Soresina, Marco. A lower average population density (250 inh./km2) is found in the Po valley and the lower Brescia valleys; much lower densities (less than 60 inh./km2) characterise the northern mountain areas and the southern Oltrep Pavese subregion.[22].