medical terminology breakdown


Though the suffix appears at the end of the term, it often comes first in the definition. Consider common English language words that begin with the same prefixes. cells. These word components are assembled like building blocks to create a vast vocabulary. See if you can spot the suffixes, prefixes, and/or root words. To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. The innermost extraembryonic membrane that surrounds the fetus and houses amniotic fluid. Acanthocephala ("acantha= spine, thorn or prickle; -cepahal/o = head") - a phylum of spine-headed worms including Acanthocephalus. Compare them to the examples of use in medical terms.

An immunological assay used to identify antibodies, proteins, peptides, and hormones. means inflammation (-itis) of the appendix.4 Accordingly, it is sometimes helpful to read unfamiliar medical terms from right to left. Also called the paracentesis, it involves removing excess fluid from the abdomen using a needle. This frequently occurs when referencing more than one body part or system. Adenohypophysis the anterior glandular lobe that comprises 80% of the entire pituitary gland. A congenitally interrupted or malformed esophagus. Also known as Marie-Strumpell disease or Bechterews disease, Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a type of inflammatory arthritis affecting the spine. Word Building Reference- This resource strengthens your understanding of medical terminology. Of or related to arsenic. Both the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla secrete distinct hormones. n o p q r s t u v w x y z.

prefix, a suffix, or both a prefix and a suffix. Cardiovascular System - Blood Vessels and Blood.

Based on morphology, adipose tissue is divided into two: white adipose tissue (in adults) and brown adipose tissue (in children). Definitions of medical term examples from: Word part at the beginning of a medical term that changes the meaning of the word root, A condition in which the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin is deficient (Betts et al., 2013), Male sex hormones; for example, testosterone (Betts et al., 2013), Drugs that inhibit the release of acetylcholine (ACh) (Betts et al., 2013), A chemical that elicits a response in the same cell that secreted it (Betts et al., 2013), A science concerned with the origin, structure, development, growth, function, genetics, and reproduction of animals, plants, and microorganisms (National Library of Medicine, 2021), Treatment that uses drugs to stop the growth of cancer cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The use of drugs, devices, or surgery to prevent pregnancy (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A signaling molecule that allows cells to communicate with each other over short distances (Betts et al., 2013), When a body is dissected, its structures are cut apart in order to observe their physical attributes and relationships to one another (Betts et al., 2013), Difficulty breathing (Betts et al., 2013), A mode of breathing that occurs at rest and does not require the cognitive thought of the individual; also known as quiet breathing (Betts et al., 2013), A process in which muscle fibers are replaced by scar tissue (Betts et al., 2013), A polysaccharide that is converted to glucose (Betts et al., 2013), A medical-surgical specialty concerned with the physiology and disorders primarily of the female genital tract, as well as female endocrinology and reproductive physiology (National Library of Medicine, 2021), The abnormal buildup of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Something that is unknown (Betts et al., 2013), An organelle that contains enzymes that break down and digest unneeded cellular components (Betts et al., 2013), A chronic subcutaneous infection (National Library of Medicine, 2021), Accidental cell death (Betts et al., 2013), An infant during the first 28 days after birth (National Library of Medicine, 2021), Hypothalamic hormone stored in the posterior pituitary gland and important in stimulating uterine contractions in labor, milk ejection during breastfeeding, and feelings of attachment (also produced in males) (Betts et al., 2013), A condition in which there is a lower-than-normal number of red and white blood cells and platelets in the blood (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), A health professional who has special training in preparing and dispensing (giving out) prescription drugs (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The phenomenon of youthfulness, vitality, and freshness being restored (National Library of Medicine, 2021), General term for a body cell (Betts et al., 2013), The opening that provides for passage of the nerve from the hearing and equilibrium organs of the inner ear (Betts et al., 2013), The outer region of the adrenal gland; secretes steroid hormones (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure in which an occlusion is mechanically widened with a balloon (Betts et al., 2013), A very small artery that leads to a capillary (Betts et al., 2013), Joint replacement surgery (Betts et al., 2013), The cheeks, tongue, and palate (Betts et al., 2013), Large airway that leads from the trachea (windpipe) to a lung (Betts et al., 2013), Branches of the bronchi (Betts et al., 2013), A thin connective tissue sac filled with lubricating liquid (Betts et al., 2013), A form of cancer that affects the stratum basale of the epidermis (Betts et al., 2013), The study of the heart (Betts et al., 2013), The curve between the brain stem and forebrain (Betts et al., 2013), An important component of bile acids; a building block of many hormones (Betts et al., 2013), A type of cancer that forms in bone cartilage (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Supply blood to the myocardium and other components of the heart (Betts et al., 2013), Made of hyaline cartilage and located at the end of each rib (Betts et al., 2013), Completely surrounds and protects the brain from non-traumatic injury (Betts et al., 2013), Examination of the bladder and urethra using a cystoscope, inserted into the urethra (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Medical doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders (Betts et al., 2013), The first portion of the small intestine (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of the duodenum (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgical removal of all or part of the tongue (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The production of blood cells (Betts et al., 2013), Carriers blood to the liver for processing before it enters circulation (Betts et al., 2013), The study of tissues (Betts et al., 2013), Surgery to remove the uterus and, sometimes, the cervix (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The longest part of the small intestine (Betts et al., 2013), A procedure in which the ileum is brought through the abdominal wall (Betts et al., 2013), The lower and back part of the hip bone (Betts et al., 2013), The large, roughened area of the inferior ischium (Betts et al., 2013), An intracellular fibrous protein that gives hair, nails, and skin their hardness and water-resistant properties (Betts et al., 2013), A cartilaginous structure inferior to the laryngopharynx that connects the pharynx to the trachea and helps regulate the volume of air that enters and leaves the lungs; also known as the voice box (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of the larynx (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Lymphoid tissue located at the base of the tongue (Betts et al., 2013), The breakdown of adipose tissue (Betts et al., 2013), The second most common type of leukocyte and are essential for the immune response (Betts et al., 2013), Modified sweat glands that produce breast milk (Betts et al., 2013), The membranes that surround the central nervous system (Betts et al., 2013), Inflammation of the meninges, the tough membranes that surround the central nervous system (Betts et al., 2013), Refers to both the muscular system and skeletal system (Betts et al., 2013), The middle and thickest muscle layer of the heart (Betts et al., 2013), Lipid-rich layer of insulation that surrounds an axon, formed by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system; facilitates the transmission of electrical signals (Betts et al., 2013), A highly specialized tubular structure responsible for creating the final urine composition (Betts et al., 2013), Cells that propagate information via electrochemical impulses (Betts et al., 2013), Responsible for eye movements (Betts et al., 2013), A gene that is a mutated form of a gene involved in normal cell growth and may cause the growth of cancer cells (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Abnormal changes in the shape, color, texture, and growth of the fingernails or toenails (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Surgery to remove one or both ovaries (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Carriers signals from the retina to the brain (Betts et al., 2013), Provides blood to the eyes (Betts et al., 2013), Surgery to remove one or both testicles; also called orchiectomy (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), Three small bones located in the middle ear (Betts et al., 2013), A disease characterized by a decrease in bone mass that occurs when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone formation (Betts et al., 2013), A doctor who has special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the ear, nose, and throat; also called ENT doctor (National Cancer Institute, n.d.), The oocyte and its supporting cells (Betts et al., 2013), Any bone in the fingers or toes (Betts et al., 2013), Finger and toe bones (Betts et al., 2013), The tonsil located at the back of the throat; also known as the adenoid when swollen (Betts et al., 2013), A medical professional trained to draw blood, typically by performing a venipuncture of a surface vein of the arm (Betts et al., 2013), The nerve connected to the spinal cord at cervical levels 3 to 5; it is responsible for the muscle contractions that drive ventilation (Betts et al., 2013), The membrane that wraps around the outside of your lungs and lines the inside of your chest cavity (Betts et al., 2013), The space between the lung's visceral and parietal layers (Betts et al., 2013). word parts that do not fit within the language rules.

The belly, or the region of the body of a vertebrate between the thorax and the pelvis. In human anatomy, the abdominal cavity (Abdominal = -abdomen/o = abdomen + -al = of the abdomen) is the largest cavity and holds the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys. Many medical terms are built from word parts and can be translated literally. Emory UniversityAn extensive list of terms with their language of origin. It is suggested when there are signs of a stroke or coronary heart disease. Greeks are considered the founders of rational medicine and medical terms are primarily derived from Greek and Latin.1 Over centuries, the language of medicine has evolved into multiple national medical languages.

Lumbar Regions (Left and Right): "lumbar" = vertebrae in the lower back. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open practices.

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Thus we can see that this is a bone forming tumour. Adenoiditis - Also called enlarged tonsils, it is the inflammation of the adenoids, often from bacterial or viral infection. A condition caused by atheroma and characterized by narrowed arteries. terminology Most commonly appear on the neck, groin, eyelids, and inframammary regions. Medical Terms- rules governing singular versus plural versions of medical terms are described. Medical Terminology Exams- twenty new exams were created to test your knowledge of medical terminology. It is seen under the skin (subcutaneous fat), around internal organs (visceral fat), between muscles, within the bone marrow, and in breast tissue. Uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the internal organs in the belly. It is important to spell and pronounce prefixes correctly. A severe inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli (tiny air sacs) are filled with fluid (National Cancer Institute, n.d.). It is used to collect blood stem cells from donors and for treating a range of blood disorders including blood cancer. A root is the foundational element of any medical term.

In order to properly spell and pronounce medical terms, it is helpful to learn the suffixes. -itis is asuffix that means inflammation, Intravenous

A layer of self-lubricating, white connective tissue that allows bones to glide smoothly against each other.

Arsenic is a greyish silver element which when ingested or inhaled causes arsenic poisoning, or arsenicosis.

As a general rule, the "o" is dropped when connecting to a root word beginning with a vowel (a, e, i, i, u). Anxiety disorders are a group of related conditions, each having different symptoms in different individuals. Once you build a medical vocabulary and become proficient at using it, the awkwardness will slip away. arthr/o is a combining form that means joint An amylase blood test is used to diagnose pancreatic disorders including pseudocyst, ulcer, cancer, or an abscess.

In other words, it is the graphical representation of ones hearing ability. However, when transcribing or reading medical reports the suffix is always clearly written. Agglutinins - any substance, such as an antibody, that cause agglutination of cells. List of medical roots, suffixes and prefixes. A condition in which atria beat faster than the ventricles. -ous is a suffix that means pertaining to. Want to adapt books like this? The liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, bladder, and ureters, for example. Arachnoid mater - Named for its spider web-like appearance, the arachnoid mater is the middle layer of the three meninges that cover the brain and the spinal cord. Acanthocyte ("acantha/o = spine; -cyte=vessel or hollow) - abnormal red blood cells with the spiked cell surface. The nine abdominal regions divide the abdomen into nine smaller sections. neuroblastoma literally means a tumour made up of immature nerve Acrochordon - Also called skin tag or fibroepithelial polyp, it is a benign, cutaneous growth. Common suffixes (letters in parenthesis are not always present): Adding an s or es to the end of a word is often the straightforward method to make a word plural in English and many modern Romance languages. Abnormal sounds could indicate problems in the lungs, heart valves, and abdomen.

Medical terminology is composed of a prefix, root word, and suffix: A combining form or prefix with the meaning "extremities", "top", and "height", Prefix indicating starch or polysaccharide, Prefix denoting stiffness, fixed or adhered, Suffix denoting taking away, withdrawal, or removal, Prefix borrowed from Latin ala meaning "wing" "armpit", "hollow or cavity under the arm", Prefixes denoting position and/or direction, Instruments, surgical, and diagnostic procedures, Medical Terms: prefixes, roots and suffixes, Medical Abbreviations and Texting Reference, Medical Terms - Singular versus plural rules, HONcode standard for trust- worthy health, Olfactory Dysfunction And Screening For Depression: A QOL Study, Hypochondriac Regions (Left and Right): ". Acrodermatitis (Acr/o = extremities; dermat = pertaining to skin; -itis = inflammation). The largest artery in the body, begins at the left ventricle, extending upward into the chest to form the aortic arch.

A medical word may include multiple roots. Anxiety is when the bodys automatic fight-or-flight response gets triggered by a threat, pressure, challenges, or stress. If blood cells of a non-compatible blood type enter the body, agglutinins cause agglutination and induce blood cell destruction. Cauliflower ear, also known as perichondrial hematoma or wrestler's ear, is a deformity of the auricle caused by an injury.

The rectangular mass of lymphoid tissues behind the nasal cavity, above the roof of the mouth. Angiogram also helps to understand and evaluate the restrictions in blood flow or damage to the blood vessel segments. By the end of this resource, you will have identified hundreds of word parts within medical terms. Prefix borrowed from Latin ala meaning "wing" "armpit", "hollow or cavity under the arm". For example, the plural form of hematoma is hematomas rather than hematomata.. Quick Introduction- provides an overview and introduction to medical terminology. Suffixes are not always explicitly stated in the definition of a word. The axillary temperature may be as much as 1-degree Celsius less than the oral temperature.

Occasionally, a medical term may be comprised of a prefix and suffix. Prefix indicating fatty plaque or soft fat deposit. This method of learning is superior to flash cards because of the frequent exposure and testing of your recall. These frequent mini-tests will accelerate the learning process and in a relatively short period of time, you will be able to quickly recall the meaning of all of the listed medical terms.

Medical terms always end with a suffix.3 The suffix usually indicates a specialty, test, procedure, function, condition/disorder, or status. A diagnostic procedure involving listening to sounds of thoracic or abdominal viscera. When a word root is combined with a combining form vowel the word part is referred to as a combining form. Adipose cells also called adipocytes, lipocytes, or fat cells, are specialized to synthesize and store fat globules.

Adenoma benign tumor of glandular tissue. Elevation, or buildup of urea or other nitrogenous wastes such as creatinine in the blood as a result of renal insufficiency. Agglutination - the act of uniting, the clumping of bacterial cells, red blood cells (RBC) by antibodies known as agglutinins. Language rules are a good place to start when building a medical terminology foundation.

The small intestine, the cecum, and portions of the colon are seen here. A leukocyte?

Acoustic trauma Damage or injury to the inner ear caused by exposure to a high-decibel noise. The term Acoustic means "having to do with or pertaining to sound or hearing".

Characterized by white hair, milky to translucent skin, and pink eyes with pink or blue iris and deep-red pupil.

Of or relating to adrenal glands and their secretions. Sal ammoniac is the natural mineralogical form of ammonium chloride. The anus consists of glands, ducts, blood vessels, mucus, tissues, and nerves. The audiologist uses audiograms to identify whether a person has hearing loss, and determine the degree of impairment if the results are positive. The rectum sits between the colon and anus and acts as a holding chamber for digestive wastes. Medical terminology is used to precisely describe the human body components, processes, illnesses, medical procedures, and pharmacology. Prefix denoting spider or spiders web. Those word parts are prefix, word root, suffix, and combining form vowel.

neur-o) are called the combining form. Also called "lazy eye", amblyopia can occur in both eyes, which is rare. Suffix indicating lack or loss of strength, debility, or muscle weakness.

Acroarthritis - Inflammation of hands and feet, Acroasphyxia - a disease characterized by compromised blood flow at the extremities.

An in vitro radiology test that measures the presence of antigen in the serum. Agglutinogen - any foreign substance or antigen that induces the production of agglutinin. Arthritis - Joint inflammation. For example, appendicitis The liver converts ammonia to urea, which the kidney excretes.

Adipose is mainly a complex mixture of tripalmitin, tristearin, and triolein. Indicating the vermiform appendix.

Medullary hormones arent necessary for life. An ELISA test is used to diagnose HIV, rotavirus, pernicious anemia, and squamous cell carcinoma. A person with albinism. Which suffixes denote a condition or disease. The abdominal fluid may build up in relation to liver disease, heart failure, traumatic injury, tumors, ruptured intestines, or bladder. The excretory opening where the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ends and exits the body. For example, the antrum of the stomach also called the pyloric antrum or gastric antrum. Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic attacks, Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and phobias, for example. A waxy protein is found in the central nervous system (CNS). Adenovirus - a group of viruses that cause respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.

Over time, it leads to hearing loss. Also known as the pharyngeal tonsil or nasopharyngeal tonsil.

Ammonia - An end-product of protein metabolism. word neuroblastoma. For example, virus is a Latin term without a plural form. In adults, about half of the primary brain tumors are astrocytomas. "abdomin/o = abdomen; -centesis =surgical puncture". 36, 1 (1948). Since you are at the beginning of building your medical terminology foundation stay literal when applicable. a b c d e f g h i j k l m Most medical terms are compound words made up of root words ven/o is a combining form that means vein Star-shaped glial cells in the brain and spinal cord. For example, the endings -a, -e, -um, and -us are commonly used to create a singular noun (e.g. Prefix denoting stiffness, fixed or adhered. It is important to spell and pronounce suffixes correctly. Here is a list of word parts.

Small painful sores recur on the tongue, gums, lips, or inside the cheeks; also called canker sores or aphthous ulcer. Also known as pulmonary parenchyma, they are the structural and functional unit of the lung, where gaseous exchange takes place.

Pertaining to the arteriole.

Combining form indicating atria (atrium - singular), the upper two heart chambers. Common singular endings and corresponding plural endings: The content on this site is NOT a substitute for professional medical advice or diagnosis.

Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes - Self Test questions, First created 4th March 1996Last modified: 1st February 2014, blastoma = a cancer made of immature cells, paediatric oncology = study of childhood cancer, sarcoma = tumour of bone, muscle, or connective tissue, neuropathy = disease of the nervous system, bilateral Wilm's = tumour in both kidneys, ectopic pregnancy = outside the uterine cavity, endoscope = an instrument to look inside the body cavities or organs, hyperglycaemia = excessive blood sugar levels, post surgical stage = stage after surgery, syndrome = group of symptoms occurring together. There are several exceptions. A combining form or prefix with the meaning "extremities", "top", and "height". Elsewhere, the suffix s or es has occasionally prevailed in common usage. Also known as astroglia, they play a vital role in supporting the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), nourishing the neurons, neurotransmission facilitation, and damage repair.

which are combined with prefixes (at the start of a word) and Hormones of the adrenal medulla: Catecholamines (Ex: adrenaline, noradrenaline, and small amounts of dopamine). Viruses is the accepted plural form. Understand the difference between a prefix and a suffix. The alveolar number is closely related to total lung volume, with larger lungs having as many as 700 million or so alveoli. A noninvasive hearing test that measures how well one can hear.

They are part of the immune system, which helps fight infection and protects the body from pathogens. Also referred to as volatile alkali and spirits of hartshorn (aqueous solution of 28.5% ammonia). At first glance, medical terms may appear intimidating, but once you understand the basic word structure and the definitions of some common word elements, the meaning of thousands of medical terms can be easily parsed. The term alveolus refers to a hollow cavity, basin, trough, or bowl in Latin. A combining vowel is used when a root is followed by another word part that begins with a consonant. Oste/o is acombining form that means bone Medical Terminology for Healthcare Professions, Appendix A: Word Parts and What They Mean, https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/concepts-biology/pages/1-introduction, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Instrument used to create a record or picture. Appendix A: Word Parts and What They Mean, URL of this page: https://medlineplus.gov/appendixa.html.

Medical Terminology Intuitive Section This section was developed for 'speed learning' of medical terminology. So lets begin by analyzing the language rules for medical terminology. Contains the navel, also called the umbilicus.

Though androgens are typically thought of as male hormones, the female body also produces them. The plural form of each word is based on the last two letters of the singular suffix. For example the Copyright 2021 GlobalRPH - Web Development by. Medical terms are comprised of these standard word parts: Breaking a word down into its component parts should help readers determine the meaning of an unfamiliar term.

Adrenalectomy surgical removal of one or both adrenal glands. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trust- worthy health information: verify here.

Science of hearing, balance, and associated disorders. Albinism is a condition where a person is congenitally deficient in melanin pigment. Want to adapt books like this? For example, cardio-pulmo-nary means pertaining to the heart and lungs; gastro-entero-logy means the study of the stomach and intestines. Very little is known about its function and removing it is not harmful. Differentiate prefixes that deal with body parts, color, and direction. Arthralgia - Joint pain arising from injury, infection, arthritis, and other ailments. The prefix is optional and does not appear in all medical terms.

When the pressure in the rectum is high, the anal sphincter muscles (an internal ring of muscles surrounding the anus) relaxes and aid in defecation.

Outer ear or pinna. The hormones secreted by adenohypophysis play a central role in regulating endocrine and behavioral functions, as well as being part of stress responses. Testosterone andandrostenedione are the principal androgens. Always seek the advice of your doctor or health care provider. Word part at the beginning of a medical term that changes the meaning of the word root. Amnion acts as a protective sac along with other extraembryonic membranes: chorion, yolk sac, and allantois. At first, literal translations sound awkward.

They may be at the beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a medical word. Weakening or ballooning out of an artery wall. The Greek-borrowed prefix means "thorn-like" characteristics, or "spiny-headed".

Therefore by breaking down a complex word we can see that What color is an erythrocyte? Wulff, Henrik R. The language of medicine.. Acromion - A bony process on the superior end of the scapula. It forms the highest point of the shoulder, to which the collarbone is attached.

For example, itis means inflammation and ectomy means removal.

In medical terminology, however, things are a little more complicated.
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