Cyprus remains divided to this day. On 2 April 1982, Argentina invaded and occupied theFalkland Islands,a British overseas territoryin the South Atlantic. With Scientific Data of Archaeology and Genetics, Galeri Kultur Publishing, Lefkoa 2020, This page was last edited on 12 July 2022, at 23:26. Large numbers of British reinforcements arrived and began a series of operations against EOKA centred on theTroodos Mountains. In 1955, the campaign for Enosis was led byArchbishop Makariosof the Cyprus Orthodox Church and byColonel George Grivas, Head of Ethniki Organosis Kuprion Agoniston - National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA).

Toumazou et al. In August 1960 Cyprus became a republic but, in the following decades, it was plagued with violence between the Greek and Turkish communities. The British Government started the process of looking for a political solution. Three days later, the United Kingdom dispatched a naval task force to reclaim them. They finally ended in February 1959 when agreement was reached in London for Cyprus to become an independent republic. Memoirs of a museum curator, AKAKIA Publications, London 2020, Winbladh, M.-L., The Origins of The Cypriots. No one was killed in these initial attacks but EOKA began a campaign of assassination mainly aimed at Greek members of the police force and those who disagreed with the idea of Enosis. Wessex helicopters and commandos on board HMS HERMES during the Cyprus emergency, 1974. They aimed to achieve Enosis by attacking government and military installations and personnel and by mobilising the civilian population to demonstrate against the British presence. A state of emergency was declared by the island's governor,Lord Harding, in November 1955. Representative Office to the United States, Turkish military forces in Northern Cyprus, Faceted Application of Subject Terminology, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cyprus_problem&oldid=1097852079, All articles with bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from March 2022, Articles with PDF format bare URLs for citations, Articles with bare URLs for citations from June 2022, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from August 2018, All Wikipedia articles in need of updating, Articles needing additional references from June 2021, All articles needing additional references, Articles with multiple maintenance issues, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2018, Articles with unsourced statements from November 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2008, Articles needing additional references from March 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2021, Wikipedia articles in need of updating from October 2016, Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2008, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2009, Articles with unsourced statements from May 2018, Articles lacking in-text citations from March 2009, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Return of property to pre-1974 owners and/or compensation payments, Residency rights/repatriation of Turkish settlers, James Ker-Lindsay (expert advisor to UN Special Advisor on Cyprus): "As the status quo in Cyprus becomes untenable, perhaps the solution lies in a more radical option partition. Its population is made up of both Greek and Turkish Cypriots. These attacks continued throughout 1958, even after Makarios had abandoned his initial demand for Enosis. In March 1956, Makarios was exiled to theSeychelles, but the emergency continued. It organised rioting by students and schoolchildren and using execution squads to target police officers, military personnel and their families. The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office, Winbladh, M.-L., Adventures of an archaeologist. In 1878 the island ofCyprusin the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, came under British control. Gradually British tactics began to have an effect. In 1974 a Greek military coup, which aimed to unite the island with mainland Greece, led to a Turkish invasion and the division of the island between Turkish Northern Cyprus and the Greek Cypriot Republic of Cyprus. 25781/94), "Getting to Yes: Suggestions for the Embellishment of the Annan Plan for Cyprus (PDF)", "Economic Aspects of the Annan Plan for the Solution of the Cyprus Problem (PDF)", "Options for Peace: Mapping the Possibilities for a Comprehensive Settlement in Cyprus (PDF)", "From U Thant to Kofi Annan: UN Peacemaking in Cyprus, 19642004 (PDF)", "EU and the Cyprus Conflict: Review of the Literature (PDF)", "The Property Regime in a Cyprus Settlement: A Reassessment of the Solution Proposed under the Annan Plan, Given the Performance of the Property Markets in Cyprus, 20032006 (PDF)", Recent U.N. document: The question of human rights in Cyprus, Aspects of the Cyprus Problem from The Republic of Cyprus Press and Information Office, A detailed Cyprus Problem site from The TFSC and Turkey, Kissinger's Secret Phone Calls Concerning Cyprus English translation of Eleftherotypia article, EU task-force on the Turkish Cypriot community, The Displaced Greek Communities of Cyprus, Greek Cypriots begin removing Nicosia barrier, Greek Cypriots tear down Nicosia's dividing wall, Turkish Resistance Legion for the Movement Legion. In 1839 Britain captured the town of Aden (now part of Yemen) in the south of the Arabian Peninsula. ", The House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee report on Cyprus, Letter by the President of the Republic, Mr Tassos Papadopoulos, to the U.N. Secretary-General, Mr Kofi Annan, dated June 7, which circulated as an official document of the U.N. Security Council, Legal Issues arising from certain population transfers and displacements on the territory of the Republic of Cyprus in the period since 20 July 1974, Address to Cypriots by President Papadopoulos (FULL TEXT), European Court of Human Rights Case of Cyprus v. Turkey (Application no. EOKA launched its campaign on 1 April 1955 with a series of bombing attacks against government offices in the island's capitalNicosia. By 1957 most of EOKA's leaders had been killed or captured, although the organisation stepped up its activities in urban centres. Quoted in. v. Republic of Turkey et al. ", Jack Straw (UK Foreign Secretary): "Cyprus should be partitioned". Archived at, Clement Dodd: "Exactly fifty years after Cyprus became independent, the chances of reuniting the island look slim." Find out why the Suez Canal in Egypt became the focus for controversial British military action in the 1950s. The Greek Cypriot majority desired the removal of British rule and union with Greece, known asEnosis. Britain would retain two sovereign base areas at Akrotiri and Dhekeila. Men of the 1st Battalion, The Royal Ulster Rifles search loads carried on a donkey at a road block during the EOKA Emergency in Cyprus.